/ Magnum One / Magnum One (Mid-American Digital) (Disc Manufacturing).iso / d12 / platut.arc / LEV3.CDT

< prev

next >

MacOS 8.1

Win98

DOS

view JSON data

view as text

+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 50 00 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |P.......|........|
|00000010| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000020| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000030| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000040| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000050| c4 c4 07 00 20 53 70 61 | 63 65 20 1b 00 c4 10 41 |.... Spa|ce ....A|
|00000060| 64 76 61 6e 63 65 20 74 | 6f 20 46 69 72 73 74 20 |dvance t|o First |
|00000070| 53 63 72 65 65 6e 20 20 | 03 00 20 4d 20 0d 00 c4 |Screen  |.. M ...|
|00000080| 10 4d 61 69 6e 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 20 03 00 20 51 |.Main_Me|nu  .. Q|
|00000090| 20 06 00 c4 10 51 75 69 | 74 36 00 20 20 20 20 20 | ....Qui|t6.     |
|000000a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 db 20 20 20 |        |    .   |
|000000b0| 20 20 db df df df df 20 | db 20 20 20 db 20 db df |  ..... |.   . ..|
|000000c0| df df df 20 db 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 df df df df |... .   |    ....|
|000000d0| db 36 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.6.     |        |
|000000e0| 20 20 20 20 db 20 20 20 | 20 20 db df df 20 20 20 |    .   |  ...   |
|000000f0| 20 db 20 db 20 20 db df | df 20 20 20 db 20 20 20 | . .  ..|.   .   |
|00000100| 20 20 20 20 20 df df df | db 36 00 20 20 20 20 20 |     ...|.6.     |
|00000110| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 db dc dc dc |        |    ....|
|00000120| dc 20 db dc dc dc dc 20 | 20 20 db 20 20 20 db dc |. ..... |  .   ..|
|00000130| dc dc dc 20 db dc dc dc | dc 20 20 20 dc dc dc dc |... ....|.   ....|
|00000140| db 3c 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 44 |.<.     |      AD|
|00000150| 56 41 4e 43 45 44 20 44 | 45 53 49 47 4e 20 43 4f |VANCED D|ESIGN CO|
|00000160| 4e 43 45 50 54 53 20 55 | 53 49 4e 47 20 50 52 4f |NCEPTS U|SING PRO|
|00000170| 47 52 41 4d 4d 41 42 4c | 45 20 4c 4f 47 49 43 47 |GRAMMABL|E LOGICG|
|00000180| 00 20 20 20 20 20 43 68 | 6f 6f 73 65 20 74 68 65 |.     Ch|oose the|
|00000190| 20 64 65 73 69 72 65 64 | 20 74 6f 70 69 63 20 62 | desired| topic b|
|000001a0| 79 20 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 |y pressi|ng the a|
|000001b0| 70 70 72 6f 70 72 69 61 | 74 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |ppropria|te funct|
|000001c0| 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 2e | 49 00 20 41 66 74 65 72 |ion key.|I. After|
|000001d0| 20 65 6e 74 65 72 69 6e | 67 20 61 20 74 6f 70 69 | enterin|g a topi|
|000001e0| 63 2c 20 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |c, press|ing the |
|000001f0| 60 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 | 27 20 6b 65 79 20 77 69 |`advance|' key wi|
|00000200| 6c 6c 20 77 61 6c 6b 20 | 79 6f 75 20 74 68 72 6f |ll walk |you thro|
|00000210| 75 67 68 48 00 20 20 20 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 75 62 |ughH.   | all sub|
|00000220| 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 20 | 4c 45 56 45 4c 33 20 74 |sequent |LEVEL3 t|
|00000230| 6f 70 69 63 73 20 62 65 | 66 72 6f 72 65 20 72 65 |opics be|frore re|
|00000240| 74 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 74 |turning |you to t|
|00000250| 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 | 6d 65 6e 75 2e 05 00 20 |he main |menu... |
|00000260| 20 20 20 20 02 00 46 31 | 32 00 20 3d 20 49 6e 74 |    ..F1|2. = Int|
|00000270| 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 74 6f 20 48 69 67 |roductio|n to Hig|
|00000280| 68 65 72 20 4c 65 76 65 | 6c 20 44 65 73 69 67 6e |her Leve|l Design|
|00000290| 20 54 65 63 68 6e 69 71 | 75 65 73 2e 05 00 20 20 | Techniq|ues...  |
|000002a0| 20 20 20 02 00 46 32 1c | 00 20 3d 20 43 55 50 4c |   ..F2.|. = CUPL|
|000002b0| 27 73 20 41 64 76 61 6e | 63 65 64 20 46 65 61 74 |'s Advan|ced Feat|
|000002c0| 75 72 65 73 2e 05 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 02 00 46 33 |ures... |    ..F3|
|000002d0| 1e 00 20 3d 20 48 61 6e | 64 6c 69 6e 67 20 53 69 |.. = Han|dling Si|
|000002e0| 67 6e 61 6c 20 50 6f 6c | 61 72 69 74 69 65 73 2e |gnal Pol|arities.|
|000002f0| 05 00 20 20 20 20 20 02 | 00 46 34 22 00 20 3d 20 |..     .|.F4". = |
|00000300| 41 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 | 20 43 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 |Advanced| Combina|
|00000310| 74 6f 72 69 61 6c 20 44 | 65 73 69 67 6e 73 2e 05 |torial D|esigns..|
|00000320| 00 20 20 20 20 20 02 00 | 46 35 1f 00 20 3d 20 41 |.     ..|F5.. = A|
|00000330| 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 | 52 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 |dvanced |Register|
|00000340| 65 64 20 44 65 73 69 67 | 6e 73 2e 05 00 20 20 20 |ed Desig|ns...   |
|00000350| 20 20 02 00 46 36 22 00 | 20 3d 20 55 73 69 6e 67 |  ..F6".| = Using|
|00000360| 20 74 68 65 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 2d 4d 61 63 68 69 | the Sta|te-Machi|
|00000370| 6e 65 20 53 79 6e 74 61 | 78 2e 05 00 20 20 20 20 |ne Synta|x...    |
|00000380| 20 02 00 46 37 3f 00 20 | 3d 20 46 75 6e 63 74 69 | ..F7?. |= Functi|
|00000390| 6f 6e 20 54 61 62 6c 65 | 20 4c 6f 67 69 63 20 44 |on Table| Logic D|
|000003a0| 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 75 73 69 6e |escripti|ons usin|
|000003b0| 67 20 42 69 74 20 46 69 | 65 6c 64 20 4e 6f 74 61 |g Bit Fi|eld Nota|
|000003c0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 05 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 02 00 46 |tions...|     ..F|
|000003d0| 38 1d 00 20 3d 20 43 53 | 49 4d 2c 20 54 68 65 20 |8.. = CS|IM, The |
|000003e0| 4c 6f 67 69 63 20 53 69 | 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 2e |Logic Si|mulator.|
|000003f0| 05 00 20 20 20 20 20 02 | 00 46 39 26 00 20 3d 20 |..     .|.F9&. = |
|00000400| 44 65 73 69 67 6e 20 53 | 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 |Design S|oftware |
|00000410| 46 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 4f 76 65 72 76 |Function|al Overv|
|00000420| 69 65 77 04 00 20 20 20 | 20 03 00 46 31 30 1a 00 |iew..   | ..F10..|
|00000430| 20 3d 20 54 65 73 74 20 | 56 65 63 74 6f 72 20 47 | = Test |Vector G|
|00000440| 65 6e 65 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2e 07 00 3c 61 6c 74 |eneratio|n...<alt|
|00000450| 3e 46 31 0e 00 20 3d 20 | 43 6f 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 |>F1.. = |Conclusi|
|00000460| 6f 6e 2e 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |on.P....|........|
|00000470| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000480| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000490| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000004a0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000004b0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|000004c0| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|000004d0| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|000004e0| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|000004f0| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|00000500| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|00000510| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000520| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000530| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000540| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000550| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|00000560| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|00000570| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|00000580| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|00000590| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|000005a0| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|000005b0| 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |uitP....|........|
|000005c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000005d0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000005e0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000005f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000600| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|00000610| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|00000620| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|00000630| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|00000640| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|00000650| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|00000660| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000670| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000680| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000690| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000006a0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|000006b0| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|000006c0| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|000006d0| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|000006e0| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|000006f0| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|00000700| 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |uitP....|........|
|00000710| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000720| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000730| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000740| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000750| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|00000760| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|00000770| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|00000780| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|00000790| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|000007a0| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|000007b0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000007c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000007d0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000007e0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000007f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|00000800| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|00000810| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|00000820| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|00000830| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|00000840| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|00000850| 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |uitP....|........|
|00000860| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000870| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000880| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000890| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000008a0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|000008b0| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|000008c0| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|000008d0| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|000008e0| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|000008f0| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|00000900| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000910| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000920| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000930| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000940| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|00000950| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|00000960| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|00000970| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|00000980| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|00000990| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|000009a0| 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |uitP....|........|
|000009b0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000009c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000009d0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000009e0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000009f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|00000a00| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|00000a10| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|00000a20| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|00000a30| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|00000a40| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|00000a50| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000a60| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000a70| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000a80| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000a90| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|00000aa0| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|00000ab0| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|00000ac0| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|00000ad0| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|00000ae0| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|00000af0| 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |uitP....|........|
|00000b00| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000b10| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000b20| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000b30| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000b40| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 | 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 |....... |Space ..|
|00000b50| c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 | 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 |..Advanc|e .. B .|
|00000b60| 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 | 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 |...Back |.. L ...|
|00000b70| 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 | 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 |.Lev3_Me|nu .. M |
|00000b80| 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e | 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 |....Main|_Menu ..|
|00000b90| 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 | 75 69 74 50 00 c4 c4 c4 | Q ....Q|uitP....|
|00000ba0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000bb0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000bc0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000bd0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00000be0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 07 00 20 |........|....... |
|00000bf0| 53 70 61 63 65 20 0a 00 | c4 10 41 64 76 61 6e 63 |Space ..|..Advanc|
|00000c00| 65 20 03 00 20 42 20 07 | 00 c4 10 42 61 63 6b 20 |e .. B .|...Back |
|00000c10| 03 00 20 4c 20 0c 00 c4 | 10 4c 65 76 33 5f 4d 65 |.. L ...|.Lev3_Me|
|00000c20| 6e 75 20 03 00 20 4d 20 | 0c 00 c4 10 4d 61 69 6e |nu .. M |....Main|
|00000c30| 5f 4d 65 6e 75 20 03 00 | 20 51 20 06 00 c4 10 51 |_Menu ..| Q ....Q|
|00000c40| 75 69 74 1c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 |uit..   |   Pleas|
|00000c50| 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e use on|e of the|
|00000c60| 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 6e | ..defin|ed.. fun|
|00000c70| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 | 79 73 2e 0a 00 20 20 20 |ction ke|ys...   |
|00000c80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e | 00 49 4e 54 52 4f 44 55 |       .|.INTRODU|
|00000c90| 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 54 4f | 20 48 49 47 48 45 52 20 |CTION TO| HIGHER |
|00000ca0| 4c 45 56 45 4c 20 44 45 | 53 49 47 4e 20 54 45 43 |LEVEL DE|SIGN TEC|
|00000cb0| 48 4e 49 51 55 45 53 47 | 00 20 49 6e 20 20 74 68 |HNIQUESG|. In  th|
|00000cc0| 65 20 20 70 72 65 76 69 | 6f 75 73 20 20 73 65 63 |e  previ|ous  sec|
|00000cd0| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 20 77 | 65 20 20 64 69 73 63 75 |tion,  w|e  discu|
|00000ce0| 73 73 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 74 65 70 73 20 69 |ssed the| steps i|
|00000cf0| 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 66 69 72 73 74 |nvolved |in first|
|00000d00| 47 00 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |G. using|  progra|
|00000d10| 6d 6d 61 62 6c 65 20 20 | 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 20 74 |mmable  |logic  t|
|00000d20| 6f 20 20 72 65 70 6c 61 | 63 65 20 20 54 54 4c 20 |o  repla|ce  TTL |
|00000d30| 67 61 74 65 73 2e 20 20 | 48 65 72 65 2c 20 73 6f |gates.  |Here, so|
|00000d40| 6d 65 20 68 69 67 68 65 | 72 45 00 20 6c 65 76 65 |me highe|rE. leve|
|00000d50| 6c 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 20 63 61 70 61 62 |l softwa|re capab|
|00000d60| 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |ilities |such as |
|00000d70| 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 74 | 72 69 62 75 74 69 76 65 |the dist|ributive|
|00000d80| 20 70 72 6f 70 65 72 74 | 79 20 28 75 73 69 6e 67 | propert|y (using|
|00000d90| 47 00 20 70 61 72 65 6e | 74 68 65 73 65 73 29 20 |G. paren|theses) |
|00000da0| 20 61 6e 64 20 20 6d 61 | 63 72 6f 20 20 73 75 62 | and  ma|cro  sub|
|00000db0| 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f | 6e 20 20 77 65 72 65 20 |stitutio|n  were |
|00000dc0| 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 | 65 64 2e 20 20 4e 6f 77 |introduc|ed.  Now|
|00000dd0| 2c 20 77 65 20 77 69 6c | 6c 47 00 20 6c 6f 6f 6b |, we wil|lG. look|
|00000de0| 20 74 6f 77 61 72 64 20 | 6e 65 77 20 64 65 73 69 | toward |new desi|
|00000df0| 67 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 65 76 65 6e 74 75 61 6c |gns and |eventual|
|00000e00| 6c 79 20 72 65 61 63 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 |ly reach| the poi|
|00000e10| 6e 74 20 77 68 65 72 65 | 2c 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 74 |nt where|, once t|
|00000e20| 68 65 47 00 20 6c 6f 67 | 69 63 61 6c 20 20 74 61 |heG. log|ical  ta|
|00000e30| 73 6b 20 20 68 61 73 20 | 20 62 65 65 6e 20 20 64 |sk  has | been  d|
|00000e40| 65 66 69 6e 65 64 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6d 70 6c |efined, |the impl|
|00000e50| 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 75 |ementati|on can u|
|00000e60| 74 69 6c 69 7a 65 20 50 | 4c 44 73 36 00 20 64 69 |tilize P|LDs6. di|
|00000e70| 72 65 63 74 6c 79 2c 20 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 |rectly, |without |
|00000e80| 65 76 65 72 20 63 6f 6e | 63 65 69 76 69 6e 67 20 |ever con|ceiving |
|00000e90| 61 20 54 54 4c 20 67 61 | 74 65 20 76 65 72 73 69 |a TTL ga|te versi|
|00000ea0| 6f 6e 2e 47 00 20 41 73 | 20 20 77 65 20 20 70 72 |on.G. As|  we  pr|
|00000eb0| 6f 63 65 65 64 2c 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 |oceed, a|dditiona|
|00000ec0| 6c 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 20 74 6f 6f 6c 73 |l softwa|re tools|
|00000ed0| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 | will be| introdu|
|00000ee0| 63 65 64 20 74 6f 20 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 47 00 20 74 |ced to  |makeG. t|
|00000ef0| 68 65 20 20 6a 6f 62 20 | 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 2e |he  job | easier.|
|00000f00| 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 20 | 70 75 72 70 6f 73 65 20 |   The  |purpose |
|00000f10| 20 6f 66 20 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 20 74 6f 6f 6c | of  the|se  tool|
|00000f20| 73 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 | 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 79 |s is to |enable y|
|00000f30| 6f 75 20 74 6f 47 00 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 20 20 |ou toG. |create  |
|00000f40| 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 73 | 20 20 20 77 68 69 63 68 | designs|   which|
|00000f50| 20 20 20 61 72 65 20 20 | 20 68 69 67 68 65 72 20 |   are  | higher |
|00000f60| 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 20 | 69 6e 20 20 6e 61 74 75 | level  |in  natu|
|00000f70| 72 65 2c 20 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 20 69 73 2c 47 00 |re,  tha|t  is,G.|
|00000f80| 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | represe|nted in |
|00000f90| 61 20 77 61 79 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 61 70 70 72 |a way wh|ich appr|
|00000fa0| 6f 78 69 6d 61 74 65 73 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 61 63 |oximates| your ac|
|00000fb0| 74 75 61 6c 20 74 68 6f | 75 67 68 74 73 2e 20 20 |tual tho|ughts.  |
|00000fc0| 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 47 | 00 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 |This isG|. import|
|00000fd0| 61 6e 74 20 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 20 |ant  not|  only  |
|00000fe0| 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 73 | 70 65 65 64 20 61 6e 64 |to add s|peed and|
|00000ff0| 20 61 63 63 75 72 61 63 | 79 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | accurac|y to the|
|00001000| 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 2c | design |process,|
|00001010| 47 00 20 62 75 74 20 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 74 6f 20 |G. but  |also to |
|00001020| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 | 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 64 65 |provide |logic de|
|00001030| 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 |scriptio|ns that |
|00001040| 61 72 65 20 65 61 73 69 | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 75 6e |are easi|er to un|
|00001050| 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 | 2e 47 00 20 41 66 74 65 |derstand|.G. Afte|
|00001060| 72 20 20 20 20 61 6c 6c | 2c 20 20 20 77 65 20 20 |r    all|,   we  |
|00001070| 63 61 6e 20 20 6e 65 76 | 65 72 20 20 68 61 76 65 |can  nev|er  have|
|00001080| 20 20 74 6f 6f 20 20 6d | 75 63 68 20 64 6f 63 75 |  too  m|uch docu|
|00001090| 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2e 20 57 65 20 6d 75 |mentatio|n. We mu|
|000010a0| 73 74 47 00 20 72 65 6d | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 20 74 |stG. rem|ember  t|
|000010b0| 68 61 74 20 20 61 6c 6c | 20 20 20 64 65 73 69 67 |hat  all|   desig|
|000010c0| 6e 73 20 20 20 6d 75 73 | 74 2c 20 20 20 61 74 20 |ns   mus|t,   at |
|000010d0| 20 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 20 | 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 20 |  some  | point  |
|000010e0| 69 6e 20 74 69 6d 65 2c | 20 62 65 1c 00 20 75 6e |in time,| be.. un|
|000010f0| 64 65 72 73 74 6f 6f 64 | 20 62 79 20 73 6f 6d 65 |derstood| by some|
|00001100| 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c 73 65 | 2e 50 00 20 20 20 20 20 |one else|.P.     |
|00001110| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001120| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001130| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001140| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001150| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c | 33 41 31 1c 00 20 20 20 |       L|3A1..   |
|00001160| 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 | 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 6e |   Pleas|e use on|
|00001170| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 6e |e of the| ..defin|
|00001180| 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 6e | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 |ed.. fun|ction ke|
|00001190| 79 73 2e 47 00 20 41 6d | 6f 6e 67 20 20 74 68 65 |ys.G. Am|ong  the|
|000011a0| 73 65 20 20 68 69 67 68 | 65 72 20 20 6c 65 76 65 |se  high|er  leve|
|000011b0| 6c 20 74 6f 6f 6c 73 20 | 77 69 6c 20 62 65 20 61 |l tools |wil be a|
|000011c0| 20 73 79 6e 74 61 78 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 61 6c 6c | syntax |that all|
|000011d0| 6f 77 73 20 61 20 73 69 | 6e 67 6c 65 47 00 20 73 |ows a si|ngleG. s|
|000011e0| 79 6d 62 6f 6c 69 63 20 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 74 6f |ymbolic | name to|
|000011f0| 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 20 61 20 67 72 6f | represe|nt a gro|
|00001200| 75 70 20 6f 66 20 62 69 | 74 73 20 28 73 75 63 68 |up of bi|ts (such|
|00001210| 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 62 | as an a|ddress b|
|00001220| 75 73 20 6f 72 47 00 20 | 73 74 61 74 65 20 20 62 |us orG. |state  b|
|00001230| 69 74 20 66 69 65 6c 64 | 29 2e 20 20 53 75 62 73 |it field|).  Subs|
|00001240| 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20 6e |equently|, that n|
|00001250| 61 6d 65 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 74 68 6f 75 67 |ame can |be thoug|
|00001260| 68 74 20 6f 66 20 69 6e | 20 74 65 72 6d 73 47 00 |ht of in| termsG.|
|00001270| 20 6f 66 20 20 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 65 71 75 61 6c | of  bei|ng equal|
|00001280| 20 74 6f 20 65 69 74 68 | 65 72 20 61 20 73 69 6e | to eith|er a sin|
|00001290| 67 6c 65 20 68 65 78 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 72 |gle hex |value or|
|000012a0| 20 61 20 72 61 6e 67 65 | 20 6f 66 20 68 65 78 61 | a range| of hexa|
|000012b0| 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 2e | 00 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |decimal.|. values|
|000012c0| 20 61 73 20 69 6e 20 61 | 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | as in a|n addres|
|000012d0| 73 20 64 65 63 6f 64 69 | 6e 67 20 61 70 70 6c 69 |s decodi|ng appli|
|000012e0| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 47 | 00 20 41 70 70 6c 69 63 |cation.G|. Applic|
|000012f0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 20 6c |ations  |which  l|
|00001300| 65 6e 64 20 20 74 68 65 | 6d 73 65 6c 76 65 73 20 |end  the|mselves |
|00001310| 20 74 6f 20 20 74 61 62 | 75 6c 61 72 20 6e 6f 74 | to  tab|ular not|
|00001320| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 74 61 6b 65 |ations w|ill take|
|00001330| 47 00 20 61 64 76 61 6e | 74 61 67 65 20 20 20 6f |G. advan|tage   o|
|00001340| 66 20 20 43 55 50 4c 27 | 73 20 20 61 62 69 6c 69 |f  CUPL'|s  abili|
|00001350| 74 79 20 20 74 6f 20 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 20 77 69 |ty  to  |work  wi|
|00001360| 74 68 20 76 65 63 74 6f | 72 73 20 28 62 69 74 2d |th vecto|rs (bit-|
|00001370| 66 69 65 6c 64 73 20 6f | 72 47 00 20 67 72 6f 75 |fields o|rG. grou|
|00001380| 70 73 20 20 6f 66 20 20 | 62 69 74 20 20 76 61 72 |ps  of  |bit  var|
|00001390| 69 61 62 6c 65 73 29 20 | 20 6f 6e 20 20 62 6f 74 |iables) | on  bot|
|000013a0| 68 20 73 69 64 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 |h sides |of the e|
|000013b0| 71 75 61 6c 20 73 69 67 | 6e 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e |qual sig|n within|
|000013c0| 20 61 47 00 20 73 74 61 | 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 | aG. sta|tement. |
|000013d0| 20 41 6e 20 20 65 76 65 | 6e 20 68 69 67 68 65 72 | An  eve|n higher|
|000013e0| 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 74 | 6f 6f 6c 2c 20 74 68 65 | level t|ool, the|
|000013f0| 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 6d | 61 63 68 69 6e 65 20 73 | state m|achine s|
|00001400| 79 6e 74 61 78 2c 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 13 00 20 61 6c |yntax, w|ill.. al|
|00001410| 73 6f 20 62 65 20 64 69 | 73 63 75 73 73 65 64 2e |so be di|scussed.|
|00001420| 47 00 20 41 6c 73 6f 2c | 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 |G. Also,|   the  |
|00001430| 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 74 | 20 20 20 6f 66 20 20 6c | concept|   of  l|
|00001440| 6f 67 69 63 20 73 69 6d | 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ogic sim|ulation |
|00001450| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 |will be |introduc|
|00001460| 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 69 | 73 47 00 20 63 61 70 61 |ed.  Thi|sG. capa|
|00001470| 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 |bility  |provides|
|00001480| 20 20 61 20 20 77 61 79 | 20 20 74 6f 20 20 76 65 |  a  way|  to  ve|
|00001490| 72 69 66 79 20 20 79 6f | 75 72 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 |rify  yo|ur logic|
|000014a0| 61 6c 20 64 65 73 69 67 | 6e 20 70 72 69 6f 72 20 |al desig|n prior |
|000014b0| 74 6f 47 00 20 61 63 74 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 20 70 |toG. act|ually  p|
|000014c0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 | 6e 67 20 61 20 74 61 72 |rogrammi|ng a tar|
|000014d0| 67 65 74 20 64 65 76 69 | 63 65 2c 20 61 73 20 77 |get devi|ce, as w|
|000014e0| 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 6f |ell as a| means o|
|000014f0| 66 20 76 65 72 69 66 79 | 69 6e 67 3b 00 20 66 75 |f verify|ing;. fu|
|00001500| 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 74 65 73 74 20 76 65 |nctional| test ve|
|00001510| 63 74 6f 72 73 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 68 61 76 65 |ctors wh|ich have|
|00001520| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 | been ge|nerated |
|00001530| 62 79 20 68 61 6e 64 2e | 47 00 20 46 69 6e 61 6c |by hand.|G. Final|
|00001540| 6c 79 2c 20 20 74 68 65 | 20 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 |ly,  the|  concep|
|00001550| 74 20 20 6f 66 20 20 61 | 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 |t  of  a|utomatic|
|00001560| 20 20 74 65 73 74 20 20 | 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 67 |  test  |vector g|
|00001570| 65 6e 65 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 |eneratio|n will b|
|00001580| 65 47 00 20 64 69 73 63 | 75 73 73 65 64 20 69 6e |eG. disc|ussed in|
|00001590| 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 | light o|f the re|
|000015a0| 61 6c 69 74 69 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 |alities |of the e|
|000015b0| 6e 67 69 6e 65 65 72 69 | 6e 67 20 65 6e 76 69 72 |ngineeri|ng envir|
|000015c0| 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 | 6e 64 2e 00 20 74 68 65 |onment a|nd.. the|
|000015d0| 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 61 70 70 6c 79 20 70 | need to| apply p|
|000015e0| 72 6f 70 65 72 20 74 65 | 73 74 20 74 68 65 6f 72 |roper te|st theor|
|000015f0| 79 20 74 6f 20 50 4c 44 | 73 2e 50 00 20 20 20 20 |y to PLD|s.P.    |
|00001600| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001610| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001620| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001630| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001640| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4c 33 41 32 1c 00 20 20 |        |L3A2..  |
|00001650| 20 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 | 73 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f |    Plea|se use o|
|00001660| 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 |ne of th|e ..defi|
|00001670| 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b |ned.. fu|nction k|
|00001680| 65 79 73 2e 14 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |eys...  |        |
|00001690| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 18 00 43 55 50 4c |        |  ..CUPL|
|000016a0| 27 53 20 41 44 56 41 4e | 43 45 44 20 46 45 41 54 |'S ADVAN|CED FEAT|
|000016b0| 55 52 45 53 14 00 20 54 | 48 45 20 4c 49 53 54 20 |URES.. T|HE LIST |
|000016c0| 4e 4f 54 41 54 49 4f 4e | 3a 20 46 00 47 72 6f 75 |NOTATION|: F.Grou|
|000016d0| 70 73 20 6f 66 20 76 61 | 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 |ps of va|riables |
|000016e0| 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 72 | 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 |may be r|epresent|
|000016f0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | 73 68 6f 72 74 68 61 6e |ed in a |shorthan|
|00001700| 64 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6e | 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |d list n|otation |
|00001710| 69 6e 1d 00 61 6e 79 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 |in..any |of the f|
|00001720| 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 |ollowing| formats|
|00001730| 3a 38 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 41 |:8.     |      [A|
|00001740| 20 2c 42 20 2c 20 2e 2e | 2e 20 2c 5a 5d 20 20 61 | ,B , ..|. ,Z]  a|
|00001750| 73 20 69 6e 20 5b 4d 45 | 4d 52 2c 20 4d 45 4d 57 |s in [ME|MR, MEMW|
|00001760| 2c 20 49 4f 52 2c 20 49 | 4f 57 5d 03 00 6f 72 3a |, IOR, I|OW]..or:|
|00001770| 2a 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |*.      |        |
|00001780| 20 20 20 20 20 5b 58 6e | 2e 2e 7a 5d 20 61 73 20 |     [Xn|..z] as |
|00001790| 69 6e 20 5b 41 44 52 37 | 2e 2e 30 5d 0e 00 57 68 |in [ADR7|..0]..Wh|
|000017a0| 69 63 68 20 72 65 70 6c | 61 63 65 73 39 00 20 20 |ich repl|aces9.  |
|000017b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b | 41 44 52 37 2c 20 41 44 |       [|ADR7, AD|
|000017c0| 52 36 2c 20 41 44 52 35 | 2c 20 41 44 52 34 2c 20 |R6, ADR5|, ADR4, |
|000017d0| 41 44 52 33 2c 20 41 44 | 52 32 2c 20 41 44 52 31 |ADR3, AD|R2, ADR1|
|000017e0| 2c 20 41 44 52 30 5d 0d | 00 20 42 49 54 20 46 49 |, ADR0].|. BIT FI|
|000017f0| 45 4c 44 53 3a 20 46 00 | 41 20 67 72 6f 75 70 20 |ELDS: F.|A group |
|00001800| 6f 66 20 62 69 74 73 20 | 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 64 |of bits |may be d|
|00001810| 65 63 6c 61 72 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 65 71 |eclared |to be eq|
|00001820| 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 61 | 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 |ual to a| single |
|00001830| 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 6e | 61 6d 65 20 61 73 03 00 |symbol n|ame as..|
|00001840| 69 6e 3a 2c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |in:,.   |        |
|00001850| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 46 49 45 4c 44 20 4d |        | FIELD M|
|00001860| 45 4d 41 44 52 20 3d 20 | 5b 41 31 35 2e 2e 38 5d |EMADR = |[A15..8]|
|00001870| 3b 50 00 57 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 77 61 |;P.Where| afterwa|
|00001880| 72 64 2c 20 22 4d 45 4d | 41 44 52 22 20 6d 61 79 |rd, "MEM|ADR" may|
|00001890| 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 65 78 70 72 | be used| in expr|
|000018a0| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |essions.|        |
|000018b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c |        |       L|
|000018c0| 33 42 31 1c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 |3B1..   |   Pleas|
|000018d0| 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e use on|e of the|
|000018e0| 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 6e | ..defin|ed.. fun|
|000018f0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 | 79 73 2e 1c 00 20 45 51 |ction ke|ys... EQ|
|00001900| 55 41 4c 49 54 59 20 41 | 4e 44 20 41 44 44 52 45 |UALITY A|ND ADDRE|
|00001910| 53 53 20 52 41 4e 47 45 | 20 47 00 20 54 68 65 20 |SS RANGE| G. The |
|00001920| 20 22 20 3a 20 22 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 | " : " o|perator |
|00001930| 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 73 | 20 61 20 62 69 74 20 66 |compares| a bit f|
|00001940| 69 65 6c 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 20 68 65 78 61 |ield wit|h a hexa|
|00001950| 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 | 28 6f 72 20 6f 63 74 61 |decimal |(or octa|
|00001960| 6c 2c 45 00 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 |l,E. the| default|
|00001970| 20 69 73 20 68 65 78 29 | 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e | is hex)| constan|
|00001980| 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 | 6f 72 20 6c 69 73 74 20 |t value |or list |
|00001990| 6f 66 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 76 61 6c 75 |of const|ant valu|
|000019a0| 65 73 20 61 73 20 69 6e | 3a 25 00 20 20 20 20 20 |es as in|:%.     |
|000019b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000019c0| 20 20 20 20 20 4d 45 4d | 41 44 52 3a 43 33 30 30 |     MEM|ADR:C300|
|000019d0| 03 00 6f 72 3a 16 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..or:.. |        |
|000019e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 14 00 4d |        |     ..M|
|000019f0| 45 4d 41 44 52 3a 5b 41 | 30 30 30 2e 2e 2e 45 46 |EMADR:[A|000...EF|
|00001a00| 46 46 5d 3c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 57 68 69 63 |FF]<.   |    Whic|
|00001a10| 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 | 65 20 74 72 75 65 20 66 |h will b|e true f|
|00001a20| 6f 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 65 73 20 69 6e 20 |or addre|sses in |
|00001a30| 74 68 65 20 72 61 6e 67 | 65 20 6f 66 20 41 30 30 |the rang|e of A00|
|00001a40| 30 38 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 68 65 78 61 64 65 |08.     |  hexade|
|00001a50| 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 74 68 | 72 6f 75 67 68 20 45 46 |cimal th|rough EF|
|00001a60| 46 46 20 68 65 78 61 64 | 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 69 |FF hexad|ecimal i|
|00001a70| 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 76 65 | 6c 79 2e 44 00 4e 6f 74 |nclusive|ly.D.Not|
|00001a80| 65 3a 20 20 48 65 78 61 | 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 |e:  Hexa|decimal |
|00001a90| 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 |constant| values |
|00001aa0| 6d 75 73 74 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |must con|tain the|
|00001ab0| 20 70 72 6f 70 65 72 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f | proper |number o|
|00001ac0| 66 43 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 6e 69 62 62 6c 65 |fC.     |  nibble|
|00001ad0| 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 | 6c 75 64 65 20 74 68 65 |s to inc|lude the|
|00001ae0| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 69 | 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e | most si|gnifican|
|00001af0| 74 20 62 69 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 |t bit of| the bit|
|00001b00| 2d 66 69 65 6c 64 43 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 |-fieldC.|       v|
|00001b10| 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 2c | 20 61 73 20 69 6e 20 74 |ariable,| as in t|
|00001b20| 68 65 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 20 61 62 6f 76 65 |he examp|le above|
|00001b30| 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | where t|he most |
|00001b40| 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 | 61 6e 74 39 00 20 20 20 |signific|ant9.   |
|00001b50| 20 20 20 20 62 69 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 45 |    bit |of the E|
|00001b60| 20 69 6e 20 45 46 46 46 | 20 63 6f 72 72 65 73 70 | in EFFF| corresp|
|00001b70| 6f 6e 64 73 20 74 6f 20 | 41 31 35 20 69 6e 20 4d |onds to |A15 in M|
|00001b80| 45 4d 41 44 52 2e 43 00 | 41 6c 73 6f 2c 20 74 68 |EMADR.C.|Also, th|
|00001b90| 65 20 22 20 3a 20 22 20 | 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 |e " : " |operator|
|00001ba0| 20 6d 61 79 20 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 | may als|o be use|
|00001bb0| 64 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 65 | 72 61 74 65 20 6f 6e 20 |d to ope|rate on |
|00001bc0| 61 20 62 69 74 2d 66 69 | 65 6c 64 10 00 76 61 72 |a bit-fi|eld..var|
|00001bd0| 69 61 62 6c 65 2c 20 61 | 73 20 69 6e 3a 3f 00 20 |iable, a|s in:?. |
|00001be0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 4f | 41 44 52 3a 26 20 20 72 |      IO|ADR:&  r|
|00001bf0| 65 70 6c 61 63 65 73 20 | 20 41 37 20 26 20 41 36 |eplaces | A7 & A6|
|00001c00| 20 26 20 41 35 20 26 20 | 41 34 20 26 20 41 33 20 | & A5 & |A4 & A3 |
|00001c10| 26 20 41 32 20 26 20 41 | 31 20 26 20 41 30 50 00 |& A2 & A|1 & A0P.|
|00001c20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 | 4f 41 44 52 3a 23 20 20 |       I|OADR:#  |
|00001c30| 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 73 | 20 20 41 37 20 23 20 41 |replaces|  A7 # A|
|00001c40| 36 20 23 20 41 35 20 23 | 20 41 34 20 23 20 41 33 |6 # A5 #| A4 # A3|
|00001c50| 20 23 20 41 32 20 23 20 | 41 31 20 23 20 41 30 20 | # A2 # |A1 # A0 |
|00001c60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 4c 33 42 32 |        |    L3B2|
|00001c70| 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 |..      |Please u|
|00001c80| 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 |se one o|f the ..|
|00001c90| 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f | 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |defined.|. functi|
|00001ca0| 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e | 0f 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |on keys.|..      |
|00001cb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 23 00 20 50 41 4c 41 |        | #. PALA|
|00001cc0| 53 4d 2d 54 4f 2d 43 55 | 50 4c 20 4c 41 4e 47 55 |SM-TO-CU|PL LANGU|
|00001cd0| 41 47 45 20 54 52 41 4e | 53 4c 41 54 4f 52 48 00 |AGE TRAN|SLATORH.|
|00001ce0| 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 77 69 6c |This pro|gram wil|
|00001cf0| 6c 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 | 74 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 |l conver|t logic |
|00001d00| 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 66 | 69 6c 65 73 20 69 6e 20 |source f|iles in |
|00001d10| 74 68 65 20 50 41 4c 41 | 53 4d 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 |the PALA|SM forma|
|00001d20| 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 47 00 43 55 50 4c 20 73 |t to the|G.CUPL s|
|00001d30| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 |ource fi|le forma|
|00001d40| 74 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 63 | 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 20 6f |t.  To c|onvert o|
|00001d50| 6e 65 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 50 41 4c 41 53 |ne or mo|re PALAS|
|00001d60| 4d 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 74 |M source| files t|
|00001d70| 6f 11 00 43 55 50 4c 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 54 |o..CUPL |format T|
|00001d80| 59 50 45 3a 32 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |YPE:2.  |        |
|00001d90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 54 | 4f 43 20 46 49 4c 45 5f |      PT|OC FILE_|
|00001da0| 4e 41 4d 45 31 20 46 49 | 4c 45 5f 4e 41 4d 45 32 |NAME1 FI|LE_NAME2|
|00001db0| 2e 2e 2e 3c 52 45 54 3e | 0c 00 46 6f 72 20 65 78 |...<RET>|..For ex|
|00001dc0| 61 6d 70 6c 65 3a 2c 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ample:,.|        |
|00001dd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 50 54 4f |        |     PTO|
|00001de0| 43 20 42 55 53 5f 43 4e | 54 4c 2e 41 53 4d 20 3c |C BUS_CN|TL.ASM <|
|00001df0| 52 45 54 3e 34 00 57 68 | 69 63 68 20 77 6f 75 6c |RET>4.Wh|ich woul|
|00001e00| 64 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |d produc|e the fo|
|00001e10| 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | 43 55 50 4c 20 66 6f 72 |llowing |CUPL for|
|00001e20| 6d 61 74 20 66 69 6c 65 | 73 3a 26 00 20 20 20 20 |mat file|s:&.    |
|00001e30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001e40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 55 | 53 5f 43 4e 54 4c 2e 50 |      BU|S_CNTL.P|
|00001e50| 4c 44 40 00 20 61 6e 64 | 2c 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 |LD@. and|, if the|
|00001e60| 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 | 6c 20 50 41 4c 41 53 4d | origina|l PALASM|
|00001e70| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 68 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 22 66 | file ha|s the "f|
|00001e80| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 61 62 6c 65 22 20 49 |unction |table" I|
|00001e90| 4e 46 4f 2c 26 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |NFO,&.  |        |
|00001ea0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001eb0| 20 42 55 53 5f 43 4e 54 | 4c 2e 53 49 45 00 77 68 | BUS_CNT|L.SIE.wh|
|00001ec0| 69 63 68 20 62 65 63 6f | 6d 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |ich beco|mes the |
|00001ed0| 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 6e 70 75 74 |simulati|on input|
|00001ee0| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 43 53 49 4d 2c 20 | file fo|r CSIM, |
|00001ef0| 74 68 65 20 43 55 50 4c | 20 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 |the CUPL| simulat|
|00001f00| 6f 72 2e 50 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |or.P.   |        |
|00001f10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001f20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001f30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001f40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001f50| 20 4c 33 42 33 1c 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 50 6c 65 | L3B3.. |     Ple|
|00001f60| 61 73 65 20 75 73 65 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ase use |one of t|
|00001f70| 68 65 20 07 00 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 66 |he ..def|ined.. f|
|00001f80| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6b 65 79 73 2e 14 00 20 |unction |keys... |
|00001f90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001fa0| 20 20 20 15 00 54 48 45 | 20 43 55 50 4c 20 50 52 |   ..THE| CUPL PR|
|00001fb0| 45 50 52 4f 43 45 53 53 | 4f 52 48 00 54 68 69 73 |EPROCESS|ORH.This|
|00001fc0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 | program| operate|
|00001fd0| 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 43 55 50 4c 20 73 6f |s on the| CUPL so|
|00001fe0| 75 72 63 65 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 |urce fil|e before|
|00001ff0| 20 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 | 72 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | compile|r operat|
|00002000| 69 6f 6e 73 26 00 61 63 | 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 |ions&.ac|tually b|
|00002010| 65 67 69 6e 2e 20 20 43 | 61 70 61 62 69 6c 69 74 |egin.  C|apabilit|
|00002020| 69 65 73 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 3a 16 00 20 53 |ies incl|ude:.. S|
|00002030| 54 52 49 4e 47 20 53 55 | 42 53 54 49 54 55 54 49 |TRING SU|BSTITUTI|
|00002040| 4f 4e 3a 20 26 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ON: &.  |        |
|00002050| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 24 44 45 46 49 |        |   $DEFI|
|00002060| 4e 45 20 41 52 47 31 20 | 41 52 47 32 47 00 20 20 |NE ARG1 |ARG2G.  |
|00002070| 20 20 20 57 68 65 72 65 | 20 41 52 47 31 20 69 73 |   Where| ARG1 is|
|00002080| 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 41 | replace|d with A|
|00002090| 52 47 32 20 75 6e 74 69 | 6c 20 24 55 4e 44 45 46 |RG2 unti|l $UNDEF|
|000020a0| 20 41 52 47 31 20 69 73 | 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 6e 74 | ARG1 is| encount|
|000020b0| 65 72 65 64 2e 11 00 20 | 46 49 4c 45 20 49 4e 43 |ered... |FILE INC|
|000020c0| 4c 55 53 49 4f 4e 3a 20 | 26 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |LUSION: |&.      |
|000020d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 |        |       $|
|000020e0| 49 4e 43 4c 55 44 45 20 | 46 49 4c 45 4e 41 4d 45 |INCLUDE |FILENAME|
|000020f0| 43 00 20 20 20 20 20 57 | 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 |C.     W|here the|
|00002100| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 | referen|ced file|
|00002110| 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | becomes| part of|
|00002120| 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 | the spe|cificati|
|00002130| 6f 6e 20 61 74 12 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 63 6f 6d 70 |on at.. |    comp|
|00002140| 69 6c 65 20 74 69 6d 65 | 2e 50 00 20 20 20 20 20 |ile time|.P.     |
|00002150| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002160| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002170| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002180| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002190| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c | 33 42 34 1c 00 20 20 20 |       L|3B4..   |
|000021a0| 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 | 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 6e |   Pleas|e use on|
|000021b0| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 6e |e of the| ..defin|
|000021c0| 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 6e | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 |ed.. fun|ction ke|
|000021d0| 79 73 2e 1b 00 20 43 4f | 4e 44 49 54 49 4f 4e 41 |ys... CO|NDITIONA|
|000021e0| 4c 20 43 4f 4d 50 4c 49 | 43 41 54 49 4f 4e 3a 20 |L COMPLI|CATION: |
|000021f0| 48 00 50 6f 72 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |H.Portio|ns of th|
|00002200| 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |e source| specifi|
|00002210| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d | 61 79 20 62 65 20 63 6f |cation m|ay be co|
|00002220| 6d 70 69 6c 65 64 20 6f | 72 20 6e 6f 74 20 64 65 |mpiled o|r not de|
|00002230| 70 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 6e 44 00 77 68 65 74 |pending |onD.whet|
|00002240| 68 65 72 20 6f 72 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 41 |her or n|ot the A|
|00002250| 52 47 55 4d 45 4e 54 20 | 28 41 52 47 29 20 68 61 |RGUMENT |(ARG) ha|
|00002260| 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 64 | 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 75 |s been d|efined u|
|00002270| 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 24 44 45 46 49 4e 45 |sing the| $DEFINE|
|00002280| 1a 00 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |..comman|d.  The |
|00002290| 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 20 | 61 72 65 3a 1d 00 20 20 |formats |are:..  |
|000022a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000022b0| 20 24 49 46 44 45 46 20 | 41 52 47 2c 00 20 20 20 | $IFDEF |ARG,.   |
|000022c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000022d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 2e 2e 2e 53 74 61 74 |        | ...Stat|
|000022e0| 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 2e | 2e 18 00 20 20 20 20 20 |ements..|...     |
|000022f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 45 |        |      $E|
|00002300| 4c 53 45 2c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |LSE,.   |        |
|00002310| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002320| 20 2e 2e 2e 53 74 61 74 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 2e | ...Stat|ements..|
|00002330| 2e 19 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...     |        |
|00002340| 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 45 | 4e 44 49 46 13 00 4f 72 |      $E|NDIF..Or|
|00002350| 2c 20 69 66 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 |, if not| defined|
|00002360| 3a 1e 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |:..     |        |
|00002370| 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 49 | 46 4e 44 45 46 20 41 52 |      $I|FNDEF AR|
|00002380| 47 2c 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |G,.     |        |
|00002390| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e |        |       .|
|000023a0| 2e 2e 53 74 61 74 65 6d | 65 6e 74 73 2e 2e 2e 18 |..Statem|ents....|
|000023b0| 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.       |        |
|000023c0| 20 20 20 20 24 45 4c 53 | 45 2c 00 20 20 20 20 20 |    $ELS|E,.     |
|000023d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000023e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e | 2e 2e 53 74 61 74 65 6d |       .|..Statem|
|000023f0| 65 6e 74 73 2e 2e 2e 19 | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ents....|.       |
|00002400| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 24 45 4e 44 |        |    $END|
|00002410| 49 46 50 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |IFP.    |        |
|00002420| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002430| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002440| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002450| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002460| 4c 33 42 35 1c 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 |L3B5..  |    Plea|
|00002470| 73 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f | 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |se use o|ne of th|
|00002480| 65 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 | 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 |e ..defi|ned.. fu|
|00002490| 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b | 65 79 73 2e 12 00 20 20 |nction k|eys...  |
|000024a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000024b0| 1a 00 48 41 4e 44 4c 49 | 4e 47 20 53 49 47 4e 41 |..HANDLI|NG SIGNA|
|000024c0| 4c 20 50 4f 4c 41 52 49 | 54 49 45 53 47 00 20 49 |L POLARI|TIESG. I|
|000024d0| 6e 20 20 4c 65 76 65 6c | 20 20 32 2c 20 77 65 20 |n  Level|  2, we |
|000024e0| 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 65 | 64 20 73 69 67 6e 61 6c |discusse|d signal|
|000024f0| 20 70 6f 6c 61 72 69 74 | 69 65 73 20 69 6e 20 67 | polarit|ies in g|
|00002500| 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 61 | 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 |eneral a|s well a|
|00002510| 73 20 66 6f 72 47 00 20 | 50 4c 44 73 20 77 69 74 |s forG. |PLDs wit|
|00002520| 68 20 69 6e 76 65 72 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 74 70 |h invert|ing outp|
|00002530| 75 74 20 62 75 66 66 65 | 72 73 20 6f 72 20 70 72 |ut buffe|rs or pr|
|00002540| 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 61 62 | 6c 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 |ogrammab|le outpu|
|00002550| 74 20 70 6f 6c 61 72 69 | 74 79 2e 20 54 6f 47 00 |t polari|ty. ToG.|
|00002560| 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 20 6f 6e | carry  |this  on|
|00002570| 65 20 20 73 74 65 70 20 | 20 66 6f 72 77 61 72 64 |e  step | forward|
|00002580| 2c 20 20 77 65 20 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 20 6e 6f 77 |,  we  w|ill  now|
|00002590| 20 20 65 78 61 6d 69 6e | 65 20 20 74 68 65 20 70 |  examin|e  the p|
|000025a0| 6f 6c 61 72 69 74 79 47 | 00 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |olarityG|. consid|
|000025b0| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 20 66 6f 72 20 20 72 |erations|  for  r|
|000025c0| 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 65 | 64 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 |egistere|d output|
|000025d0| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 69 | 67 6e 61 6c 73 20 77 68 |s and si|gnals wh|
|000025e0| 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 20 | 66 65 64 20 62 61 63 6b |ich are |fed back|
|000025f0| 28 00 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6e |(. inter|nally an|
|00002600| 64 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |d used i|n other |
|00002610| 65 71 75 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 47 00 20 41 67 61 |equation|s.G. Aga|
|00002620| 69 6e 2c 20 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 |in,  mos|t  confu|
|00002630| 73 69 6f 6e 20 72 65 73 | 75 6c 74 73 20 66 72 6f |sion res|ults fro|
|00002640| 6d 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 | 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |m the fa|ct that |
|00002650| 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 6f 70 | 75 6c 61 72 20 64 65 76 |many pop|ular dev|
|00002660| 69 63 65 47 00 20 74 79 | 70 65 73 20 20 68 61 76 |iceG. ty|pes  hav|
|00002670| 65 20 20 69 6e 76 65 72 | 74 69 6e 67 20 20 6f 75 |e  inver|ting  ou|
|00002680| 74 70 75 74 20 20 62 75 | 66 66 65 72 73 20 20 28 |tput  bu|ffers  (|
|00002690| 6e 61 6d 65 6c 79 20 20 | 74 68 65 20 50 41 4c 31 |namely  |the PAL1|
|000026a0| 36 4c 38 2c 52 34 2c 52 | 36 2c 52 38 47 00 20 73 |6L8,R4,R|6,R8G. s|
|000026b0| 65 72 69 65 73 29 2e 20 | 20 54 68 69 73 20 20 6d |eries). | This  m|
|000026c0| 65 61 6e 73 20 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 20 77 68 61 74 |eans  th|at  what|
|000026d0| 65 76 65 72 20 20 65 71 | 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 |ever  eq|uation  |
|000026e0| 69 73 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 69 |is imple|mented i|
|000026f0| 6e 20 74 68 65 47 00 20 | 41 4e 44 2d 4f 52 20 61 |n theG. |AND-OR a|
|00002700| 72 72 61 79 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 62 65 20 69 6e 76 |rray wil|l be inv|
|00002710| 65 72 74 65 64 20 62 65 | 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 |erted be|tween th|
|00002720| 65 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |e array |and the |
|00002730| 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 70 | 69 6e 2e 20 49 6e 47 00 |output p|in. InG.|
|00002740| 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 20 65 71 75 61 74 69 | writing|  equati|
|00002750| 6f 6e 73 20 20 66 6f 72 | 20 20 44 2d 74 79 70 65 |ons  for|  D-type|
|00002760| 20 20 66 6c 69 70 20 20 | 66 6c 6f 70 73 2c 20 20 |  flip  |flops,  |
|00002770| 74 68 69 73 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 |this can| become |
|00002780| 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 47 | 00 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |a majorG|. consid|
|00002790| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 20 61 73 20 50 2d 74 65 |eration | as P-te|
|000027a0| 72 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 71 75 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 |rms are |quickly |
|000027b0| 75 73 65 64 20 75 70 20 | 69 6e 20 6b 65 65 70 69 |used up |in keepi|
|000027c0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 6c 69 70 20 66 6c 6f 70 |ng the f|lip flop|
|000027d0| 1b 00 20 73 65 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |.. set f|or many |
|000027e0| 63 6c 6f 63 6b 20 63 79 | 63 6c 65 73 2e 47 00 20 |clock cy|cles.G. |
|000027f0| 4c 65 74 27 73 20 20 61 | 67 61 69 6e 20 20 6c 6f |Let's  a|gain  lo|
|00002800| 6f 6b 20 20 61 74 20 61 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 |ok  at a| simple |
|00002810| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 61 20 67 61 |example |for a ga|
|00002820| 74 65 64 2d 44 20 66 6c | 69 70 20 66 6c 6f 70 2e |ted-D fl|ip flop.|
|00002830| 20 48 65 72 65 2c 47 00 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 49 4e | Here,G.| the  IN|
|00002840| 50 55 54 20 20 69 73 20 | 20 74 72 61 6e 73 66 65 |PUT  is | transfe|
|00002850| 72 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 70 |rred to |the outp|
|00002860| 75 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 47 41 54 45 |ut when |the GATE|
|00002870| 20 69 73 20 61 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 61 74 20 61 47 | is acti|ve at aG|
|00002880| 00 20 63 6c 6f 63 6b 20 | 65 64 67 65 2c 20 74 68 |. clock |edge, th|
|00002890| 65 20 4f 55 54 50 55 54 | 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 69 |e OUTPUT| remaini|
|000028a0| 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 69 74 | 73 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f |ng in it|s previo|
|000028b0| 75 73 20 73 74 61 74 65 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 |us state| after a|
|000028c0| 6c 6c 20 63 6c 6f 63 6b | 47 00 20 65 64 67 65 73 |ll clock|G. edges|
|000028d0| 20 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 47 41 54 45 |  where |the GATE|
|000028e0| 20 69 73 20 69 6e 61 63 | 74 69 76 65 2e 20 41 20 | is inac|tive. A |
|000028f0| 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 | 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 |similar |example |
|00002900| 61 70 70 65 61 72 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 4c 65 76 65 |appeared| in Leve|
|00002910| 6c 47 00 20 32 20 20 62 | 75 74 20 20 61 73 73 75 |lG. 2  b|ut  assu|
|00002920| 6d 65 64 20 20 61 20 20 | 70 6f 73 69 74 69 76 65 |med  a  |positive|
|00002930| 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 | 62 75 66 66 65 72 2e 20 | output |buffer. |
|00002940| 54 68 69 73 20 74 69 6d | 65 20 77 65 27 6c 6c 20 |This tim|e we'll |
|00002950| 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 | 68 65 2e 00 20 74 61 72 |assume t|he.. tar|
|00002960| 67 65 74 20 64 65 76 69 | 63 65 20 68 61 73 20 61 |get devi|ce has a|
|00002970| 6e 20 69 6e 76 65 72 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 74 70 |n invert|ing outp|
|00002980| 75 74 20 62 75 66 66 65 | 72 3a 50 00 20 20 20 20 |ut buffe|r:P.    |
|00002990| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000029a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000029b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000029c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000029d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4c 33 43 31 1c 00 20 20 |        |L3C1..  |
|000029e0| 20 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 | 73 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f |    Plea|se use o|
|000029f0| 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 |ne of th|e ..defi|
|00002a00| 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b |ned.. fu|nction k|
|00002a10| 65 79 73 2e 33 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |eys.3.  |        |
|00002a20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002a30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002a40| 20 20 50 41 4c 31 36 52 | 38 34 00 50 69 6e 20 44 |  PAL16R|84.Pin D|
|00002a50| 65 63 6c 61 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 3a 20 20 20 20 |eclarati|ons:    |
|00002a60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 49 4e 50 55 54 20 20 |        | INPUT  |
|00002a70| 20 20 20 20 32 c9 cd cd | cd cd cd cd cd cd bb 34 |    2...|.......4|
|00002a80| 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.       |        |
|00002a90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 c4 c4 |        |      ..|
|00002aa0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 b6 49 20 20 20 |........|....I   |
|00002ab0| 20 20 20 20 ba 34 00 50 | 49 4e 20 20 31 20 3d 20 |    .4.P|IN  1 = |
|00002ac0| 43 4c 4f 43 4b 20 20 3b | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |CLOCK  ;|        |
|00002ad0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 47 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |       G|        |
|00002ae0| 33 ba 20 20 20 50 4c 44 | 20 20 ba 49 00 50 49 4e |3.   PLD|  .I.PIN|
|00002af0| 20 20 32 20 3d 20 49 4e | 50 55 54 20 20 3b 20 20 |  2 = IN|PUT  ;  |
|00002b00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |        |  ......|
|00002b10| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 | 49 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |........|I       |
|00002b20| ba 31 38 20 20 20 4f 55 | 54 50 55 54 20 28 52 65 |.18   OU|TPUT (Re|
|00002b30| 67 2f 49 6e 76 29 34 00 | 50 49 4e 20 20 33 20 3d |g/Inv)4.|PIN  3 =|
|00002b40| 20 47 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 3b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | G      |;       |
|00002b50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002b60| 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 52 4f cc 01 00 4f 0b |  .     | RO...O.|
|00002b70| 00 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 34 00 50 49 |........|....4.PI|
|00002b80| 4e 20 31 38 20 3d 20 4f | 55 54 50 55 54 20 3b 20 |N 18 = O|UTPUT ; |
|00002b90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 43 4c 4f 43 |        |    CLOC|
|00002ba0| 4b 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | ba 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |K      1|.       |
|00002bb0| 20 ba 34 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .4.    |        |
|00002bc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002bd0| 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 3e | .......|.......>|
|00002be0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba | 34 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |       .|4.      |
|00002bf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002c00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002c10| 20 20 20 20 c8 cd cd cd | cd cd cd cd cd bc 47 00 |    ....|......G.|
|00002c20| 53 69 6e 63 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 |Since th|e output|
|00002c30| 20 73 65 6e 73 65 20 68 | 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | sense h|as been |
|00002c40| 63 68 6f 73 65 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 22 48 69 |chosen t|o be "Hi|
|00002c50| 2d 41 63 74 69 76 65 22 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |-Active"|, the in|
|00002c60| 76 65 72 74 69 6e 67 39 | 00 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 |verting9|.output |
|00002c70| 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 63 | 61 75 73 65 73 20 75 73 |buffer c|auses us|
|00002c80| 20 74 6f 20 77 72 69 74 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 71 | to writ|e the eq|
|00002c90| 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 | 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |uation a|s follow|
|00002ca0| 73 3a 3c 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 55 |s:<.    |      OU|
|00002cb0| 54 50 55 54 2e 44 20 3d | 20 20 47 20 26 20 49 4e |TPUT.D =|  G & IN|
|00002cc0| 50 55 54 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 2f 2a 20 55 50 44 41 |PUT     | /* UPDA|
|00002cd0| 54 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 | 49 4e 50 55 54 20 2a 2f |TE WITH |INPUT */|
|00002ce0| 45 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |E.      |        |
|00002cf0| 20 20 20 20 20 23 20 21 | 47 20 26 20 4f 55 54 50 |     # !|G & OUTP|
|00002d00| 55 54 20 3b 20 20 20 2f | 2a 20 4d 41 49 4e 54 41 |UT ;   /|* MAINTA|
|00002d10| 49 4e 20 43 55 52 52 45 | 4e 54 20 4f 55 54 50 55 |IN CURRE|NT OUTPU|
|00002d20| 54 20 20 20 20 2a 2f 45 | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |T    */E|.       |
|00002d30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002d40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 2f 2a |        |      /*|
|00002d50| 20 56 49 41 20 49 4e 54 | 45 52 4e 41 4c 20 46 45 | VIA INT|ERNAL FE|
|00002d60| 45 44 42 41 43 4b 20 50 | 41 54 48 20 2a 2f 46 00 |EDBACK P|ATH */F.|
|00002d70| 41 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 72 |And the |compiler|
|00002d80| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 74 | will ge|nerate t|
|00002d90| 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 |he follo|wing to |
|00002da0| 62 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 65 64 20 69 6e |be progr|ammed in|
|00002db0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 24 00 | 61 72 72 61 79 20 74 6f |to the$.|array to|
|00002dc0| 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 | produce| the des|
|00002dd0| 69 72 65 64 20 72 65 73 | 75 6c 74 3a 31 00 20 20 |ired res|ult:1.  |
|00002de0| 20 20 20 20 20 21 4f 55 | 54 50 55 54 2e 44 20 3d |     !OU|TPUT.D =|
|00002df0| 20 21 28 20 47 20 26 20 | 49 4e 50 55 54 20 23 20 | !( G & |INPUT # |
|00002e00| 21 47 20 26 20 4f 55 54 | 50 55 54 20 29 20 3b 45 |!G & OUT|PUT ) ;E|
|00002e10| 00 4f 72 3a 20 20 20 20 | 21 4f 55 54 50 55 54 2e |.Or:    |!OUTPUT.|
|00002e20| 44 20 3d 20 21 47 20 26 | 20 21 4f 55 54 50 55 54 |D = !G &| !OUTPUT|
|00002e30| 20 20 23 20 20 21 49 4e | 50 55 54 20 26 20 47 20 |  #  !IN|PUT & G |
|00002e40| 20 23 20 20 21 49 4e 50 | 55 54 20 26 20 21 4f 55 | #  !INP|UT & !OU|
|00002e50| 54 50 55 54 20 3b 50 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TPUT ;P.|        |
|00002e60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002e70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002e80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002e90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002ea0| 20 20 20 20 4c 33 43 32 | 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |    L3C2|..      |
|00002eb0| 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f |Please u|se one o|
|00002ec0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f |f the ..|defined.|
|00002ed0| 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e |. functi|on keys.|
|00002ee0| 47 00 20 4e 6f 77 2c 20 | 20 6c 65 74 27 73 20 20 |G. Now, | let's  |
|00002ef0| 73 61 79 20 20 77 65 20 | 20 77 61 6e 74 65 64 20 |say  we | wanted |
|00002f00| 20 74 68 65 20 20 6f 75 | 74 70 75 74 20 73 69 67 | the  ou|tput sig|
|00002f10| 6e 61 6c 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 65 78 61 6d |nal in t|his exam|
|00002f20| 70 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 0e 00 20 22 4c 6f 77 |ple to b|e.. "Low|
|00002f30| 2d 41 63 74 69 76 65 22 | 2e 32 00 20 20 20 20 20 |-Active"|.2.     |
|00002f40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002f50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002f60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 41 | 4c 31 36 52 38 33 00 50 |      PA|L16R83.P|
|00002f70| 69 6e 20 44 65 63 6c 61 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 3a |in Decla|rations:|
|00002f80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 49 4e 50 |        |     INP|
|00002f90| 55 54 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 32 c9 cd cd cd cd cd cd |UT      |2.......|
|00002fa0| cd bb 33 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..3.    |        |
|00002fb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002fc0| 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 49 | .......|.......I|
|00002fd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba 33 | 00 50 49 4e 20 20 31 20 |      .3|.PIN  1 |
|00002fe0| 3d 20 43 4c 4f 43 4b 20 | 20 20 3b 20 20 20 20 20 |= CLOCK |  ;     |
|00002ff0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 47 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        | G      |
|00003000| 20 20 33 ba 20 20 50 4c | 44 20 20 ba 36 00 50 49 |  3.  PL|D  .6.PI|
|00003010| 4e 20 20 32 20 3d 20 49 | 4e 50 55 54 20 20 20 3b |N  2 = I|NPUT   ;|
|00003020| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |        |   .....|
|00003030| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | b6 49 20 20 20 20 20 20 |........|.I      |
|00003040| ba 31 38 20 01 00 21 10 | 00 4f 55 54 50 55 54 20 |.18 ..!.|.OUTPUT |
|00003050| 28 52 65 67 2f 49 6e 76 | 29 33 00 50 49 4e 20 20 |(Reg/Inv|)3.PIN  |
|00003060| 33 20 3d 20 47 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 3b 20 20 20 |3 = G   |    ;   |
|00003070| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00003080| 20 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 | 20 20 20 52 4f cc 01 00 |     .  |   RO...|
|00003090| 4f 0b 00 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 33 00 |O.......|......3.|
|000030a0| 50 49 4e 20 31 38 20 3d | 20 21 4f 55 54 50 55 54 |PIN 18 =| !OUTPUT|
|000030b0| 20 3b 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4c | ;      |      CL|
|000030c0| 4f 43 4b 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 31 ba 20 20 20 20 20 |OCK     | 1.     |
|000030d0| 20 20 ba 33 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |  .3.   |        |
|000030e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000030f0| 20 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 |  ......|........|
|00003100| 3e 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba | 33 00 54 68 65 20 65 71 |>      .|3.The eq|
|00003110| 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 |uation i|s simply|
|00003120| 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |:       |        |
|00003130| 20 20 20 20 c8 cd cd cd | cd cd cd cd bc 3b 00 20 |    ....|.....;. |
|00003140| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 4f 55 54 50 55 54 2e |        | OUTPUT.|
|00003150| 44 20 3d 20 20 47 20 26 | 20 49 4e 50 55 54 20 20 |D =  G &| INPUT  |
|00003160| 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 55 50 | 44 41 54 45 20 57 49 54 |   /* UP|DATE WIT|
|00003170| 48 20 49 4e 50 55 54 20 | 2a 2f 44 00 20 20 20 20 |H INPUT |*/D.    |
|00003180| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 |        |       #|
|00003190| 20 21 47 20 26 20 4f 55 | 54 50 55 54 20 3b 20 20 | !G & OU|TPUT ;  |
|000031a0| 2f 2a 20 4d 41 49 4e 54 | 41 49 4e 20 43 55 52 52 |/* MAINT|AIN CURR|
|000031b0| 45 4e 54 20 4f 55 54 50 | 55 54 20 20 20 20 2a 2f |ENT OUTP|UT    */|
|000031c0| 44 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |D.      |        |
|000031d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000031e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 2f 2a | 20 56 49 41 20 49 4e 54 |      /*| VIA INT|
|000031f0| 45 52 4e 41 4c 20 46 45 | 45 44 42 41 43 4b 20 50 |ERNAL FE|EDBACK P|
|00003200| 41 54 48 20 2a 2f 47 00 | 20 4e 6f 74 65 20 20 74 |ATH */G.| Note  t|
|00003210| 68 61 74 20 20 74 68 65 | 20 20 22 4c 6f 77 2d 41 |hat  the|  "Low-A|
|00003220| 63 74 69 76 65 22 20 20 | 73 65 6e 73 65 20 6f 66 |ctive"  |sense of|
|00003230| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 | 70 75 74 20 64 6f 65 73 | the out|put does|
|00003240| 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 66 66 | 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 47 | not aff|ect theG|
|00003250| 00 20 65 71 75 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |. equati|on.  The|
|00003260| 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | combina|tion of |
|00003270| 61 20 22 48 69 2d 41 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 65 71 75 |a "Hi-Ac|tive equ|
|00003280| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 22 4c 6f 77 |ation an|d a "Low|
|00003290| 2d 41 63 74 69 76 65 22 | 47 00 20 70 69 6e 20 20 |-Active"|G. pin  |
|000032a0| 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 20 20 | 69 73 20 20 63 6f 6e 73 | name   |is  cons|
|000032b0| 69 73 74 65 6e 74 20 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 20 74 68 |istent  |with  th|
|000032c0| 65 20 69 6e 76 65 72 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 74 70 |e invert|ing outp|
|000032d0| 75 74 20 62 75 66 66 65 | 72 2e 20 20 41 6c 73 6f |ut buffe|r.  Also|
|000032e0| 2c 47 00 20 6e 6f 74 65 | 20 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 |,G. note|  that  |
|000032f0| 69 6e 20 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 20 |in  all | these  |
|00003300| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 |examples|, the tr|
|00003310| 75 65 20 73 65 6e 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ue sense| of the |
|00003320| 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 20 | 69 73 47 00 20 61 6c 77 |output  |isG. alw|
|00003330| 61 79 73 20 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 20 69 6e 20 20 74 |ays  use|d  in  t|
|00003340| 68 65 20 20 65 71 75 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 74 6f |he  equa|tion  to|
|00003350| 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 | represe|nt the f|
|00003360| 65 65 64 62 61 63 6b 20 | 73 69 67 6e 61 6c 2e 20 |eedback |signal. |
|00003370| 20 41 74 46 00 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | AtF. th|is point|
|00003380| 20 77 65 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 67 69 6e 20 74 6f | we can |begin to|
|00003390| 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 74 | see the| benefit|
|000033a0| 73 20 6f 66 20 50 4c 44 | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 |s of PLD|s with p|
|000033b0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 61 | 62 6c 65 50 00 20 6f 75 |rogramma|bleP. ou|
|000033c0| 74 70 75 74 20 70 6f 6c | 61 72 69 74 79 20 77 68 |tput pol|arity wh|
|000033d0| 65 72 65 20 65 78 74 72 | 61 20 70 2d 74 65 72 6d |ere extr|a p-term|
|000033e0| 73 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 67 |s would |not be g|
|000033f0| 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 | 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |enerated|.       |
|00003400| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 4c 33 43 33 1c 00 20 |        | L3C3.. |
|00003410| 20 20 20 20 20 50 6c 65 | 61 73 65 20 75 73 65 20 |     Ple|ase use |
|00003420| 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 07 00 64 65 66 |one of t|he ..def|
|00003430| 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 66 | 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ined.. f|unction |
|00003440| 6b 65 79 73 2e 12 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |keys... |        |
|00003450| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 1e 00 41 44 56 41 4e |        | ..ADVAN|
|00003460| 43 45 44 20 43 4f 4d 42 | 49 4e 41 54 4f 52 49 41 |CED COMB|INATORIA|
|00003470| 4c 20 44 45 53 49 47 4e | 53 48 00 57 68 65 6e 20 |L DESIGN|SH.When |
|00003480| 61 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 65 72 |a logic |designer|
|00003490| 20 75 73 65 73 20 61 20 | 50 4c 44 20 66 6f 72 20 | uses a |PLD for |
|000034a0| 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 | 74 20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 |the firs|t time i|
|000034b0| 6e 20 61 20 6e 65 77 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2c 20 |n a new |design, |
|000034c0| 74 68 65 47 00 75 73 75 | 61 6c 20 74 61 72 67 65 |theG.usu|al targe|
|000034d0| 74 20 61 72 65 61 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 |t area i|s the ad|
|000034e0| 64 72 65 73 73 20 64 65 | 63 6f 64 65 20 66 75 6e |dress de|code fun|
|000034f0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 46 | 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 65 78 |ction. F|or an ex|
|00003500| 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 6c | 65 74 27 73 48 00 6c 6f |ample, l|et'sH.lo|
|00003510| 6f 6b 20 61 74 20 61 20 | 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 49 |ok at a |simple I|
|00003520| 2f 4f 20 64 65 63 6f 64 | 69 6e 67 20 63 69 72 63 |/O decod|ing circ|
|00003530| 75 69 74 20 64 65 73 69 | 67 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |uit desi|gned to |
|00003540| 63 72 65 61 74 65 20 61 | 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 |create a| buffer |
|00003550| 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 47 00 | 66 6f 72 20 65 69 74 68 |enableG.|for eith|
|00003560| 65 72 20 49 2f 4f 20 72 | 65 61 64 73 20 6f 72 20 |er I/O r|eads or |
|00003570| 49 2f 4f 20 77 72 69 74 | 65 73 20 77 68 65 6e 20 |I/O writ|es when |
|00003580| 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 77 |the addr|ess is w|
|00003590| 69 74 68 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 45 |ithin th|e rangeE|
|000035a0| 00 6f 66 20 31 30 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 31 |.of 10 t|hrough 1|
|000035b0| 32 20 68 65 78 61 64 65 | 63 69 6d 61 6c 2c 20 69 |2 hexade|cimal, i|
|000035c0| 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 76 65 | 6c 79 2e 20 41 20 54 54 |nclusive|ly. A TT|
|000035d0| 4c 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |L implem|entation|
|000035e0| 20 6d 69 67 68 74 3d 00 | 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 6c 69 6b | might=.|look lik|
|000035f0| 65 20 74 68 69 73 3a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 da |e this: |       .|
|00003600| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00003610| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 bf 20 20 20 |........|.....   |
|00003620| 20 c9 cd cd bb 3f 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ....?. |        |
|00003630| 20 20 20 20 20 20 c9 cd | cd bb 20 20 20 20 b3 20 |      ..|..    . |
|00003640| da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00003650| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 bf 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|.. .....|
|00003660| b6 20 20 c8 cd bb 48 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.  ...H.|        |
|00003670| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 c8 | bb 20 c8 cd bb 20 20 b3 |       .|. ...  .|
|00003680| 20 b3 20 da c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | . .....|........|
|00003690| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | bf 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|. ......|
|000036a0| c4 b6 20 41 4e 44 ba 20 | 20 21 42 55 46 46 45 4e |.. AND. | !BUFFEN|
|000036b0| 48 00 21 49 4f 52 44 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |H.!IORD.|........|
|000036c0| c4 4f b9 20 20 20 c8 bb | 20 b3 20 b3 20 b3 20 20 |.O.   ..| . . .  |
|000036d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 c9 cd cd |        |     ...|
|000036e0| bb 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 b6 20 20 20 20 |. ......|....    |
|000036f0| cc 4f c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 3f 00 20 20 20 20 |.O......|..?.    |
|00003700| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 ba 20 4f 52 |        |    . OR|
|00003710| 20 c7 c4 d9 20 b3 20 b3 | 20 da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | ... . .| .......|
|00003720| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 | 20 20 c8 cd bb 20 20 20 |........|  ...   |
|00003730| 20 20 20 da c4 b6 20 20 | c9 cd bc 3d 00 21 49 4f |   ...  |...=.!IO|
|00003740| 57 52 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 4f b9 20 20 |WR......|....O.  |
|00003750| 20 c9 bc 20 20 20 b3 20 | b3 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 | ..   . |. .     |
|00003760| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ba 20 41 4e 44 cc 4f c4 |        |. AND.O.|
|00003770| bf 20 20 20 b3 20 c8 cd | cd bc 40 00 20 20 20 20 |.   . ..|..@.    |
|00003780| 20 20 20 c9 cd cd cd bb | 20 20 20 c9 bc 20 c9 cd |   .....|   .. ..|
|00003790| bc 20 da c4 c4 d9 20 b3 | 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. .... .| .      |
|000037a0| da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 | 20 20 c9 cd bc 20 20 b3 |........|  ...  .|
|000037b0| 20 20 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 bf 40 00 41 37 |   .....|....@.A7|
|000037c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 4f b9 20 20 | 20 c8 cd bb 20 c8 cd cd |....O.  | ... ...|
|000037d0| bc 20 20 20 b3 20 da c4 | c4 d9 20 b3 20 c9 bb 20 |.   . ..|.. . .. |
|000037e0| 20 20 b3 20 c9 cd cd bb | 20 c8 cd cd bc 20 20 20 |  . ....| ....   |
|000037f0| 20 b3 20 20 c9 cd cd bb | 20 20 20 20 20 b3 40 00 | .  ....|     .@.|
|00003800| 41 36 c4 c4 c4 c4 4f b9 | 20 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 |A6....O.|     .  |
|00003810| 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 | b3 20 da c4 c4 c1 c4 b6 |      . |. ......|
|00003820| cc 4f c2 c4 c4 c4 b6 20 | 20 c8 cd bb 20 20 20 20 |.O..... | ...    |
|00003830| 20 20 20 b3 20 20 c8 bb | 20 c8 cd bb 20 20 20 b3 |   .  ..| ...   .|
|00003840| 40 00 41 35 c4 c4 c4 c4 | 4f b9 20 41 4e 44 20 c7 |@.A5....|O. AND .|
|00003850| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | d9 20 b3 20 b3 20 20 20 |........|. . .   |
|00003860| 20 c8 bc 20 b3 20 b3 20 | ba 20 41 4e 44 ba 4f c4 | .. . . |. AND.O.|
|00003870| c4 c4 c4 bf 20 c0 c4 c4 | 4f b9 20 20 20 c8 cd bb |.... ...|O.   ...|
|00003880| 20 b3 40 00 41 33 c4 c4 | c4 c4 4f b9 20 20 20 20 | .@.A3..|..O.    |
|00003890| 20 ba 20 20 da c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 b3 20 | .  ....|..... . |
|000038a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 | c3 c4 b6 20 20 c9 cd bc |      . |...  ...|
|000038b0| 20 20 20 20 20 c0 c4 c4 | c4 c4 4f b9 20 4f 52 20 |     ...|..O. OR |
|000038c0| 20 c7 c4 d9 3e 00 41 32 | c4 c4 c4 c4 4f b9 20 20 | ...>.A2|....O.  |
|000038d0| 20 c9 cd bc 20 20 b3 20 | 20 da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | ...  . | .......|
|000038e0| d9 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | b3 20 b3 20 c8 cd cd bc |.       |. . ....|
|000038f0| 20 c9 cd cd bb 20 20 20 | 20 20 da c4 4f b9 20 20 | ....   |  ..O.  |
|00003900| 20 c9 cd bc 3c 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 c8 cd cd | ...<.  |     ...|
|00003910| cd bc 20 20 20 20 b3 20 | 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..    . | .      |
|00003920| 20 20 20 c9 bb 20 20 20 | c0 c4 b3 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |   ..   |........|
|00003930| c4 b6 20 20 c8 cd bb 20 | 20 20 b3 20 c9 bc 20 c9 |..  ... |  . .. .|
|00003940| cd bc 3a 00 41 34 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |..:.A4..|........|
|00003950| c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 20 b3 | 20 20 20 da c4 c4 c4 c4 |.....  .|   .....|
|00003960| c4 b6 cc 4f c4 c4 c4 c4 | d9 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba |...O....|.      .|
|00003970| 20 41 4e 44 c7 4f c4 c4 | d9 20 c8 cd cd bc 31 00 | AND.O..|. ....1.|
|00003980| 41 31 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |A1......|........|
|00003990| c4 c4 c4 d9 20 20 20 b3 | 20 20 20 20 20 c8 bc 20 |....   .|     .. |
|000039a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 da | c4 c4 c4 b6 20 20 c9 cd |       .|....  ..|
|000039b0| bc 50 00 41 30 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |.P.A0...|........|
|000039c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c1 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000039d0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 d9 20 20 20 c8 cd |........|...   ..|
|000039e0| cd bc 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..      |        |
|000039f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c |        |       L|
|00003a00| 33 44 31 1c 00 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 |3D1..   |   Pleas|
|00003a10| 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e use on|e of the|
|00003a20| 20 07 00 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 64 0f 00 20 66 75 6e | ..defin|ed.. fun|
|00003a30| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 | 79 73 2e 08 00 20 20 20 |ction ke|ys...   |
|00003a40| 20 20 20 20 20 37 00 43 | 4f 4d 50 41 52 49 4e 47 |     7.C|OMPARING|
|00003a50| 20 42 4f 4f 4c 45 41 4e | 20 54 52 41 4e 53 4c 41 | BOOLEAN| TRANSLA|
|00003a60| 54 4f 52 53 2f 41 53 53 | 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 53 20 |TORS/ASS|EMBLERS |
|00003a70| 57 49 54 48 20 43 4f 4d | 50 49 4c 45 52 53 47 00 |WITH COM|PILERSG.|
|00003a80| 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 | If the |address |
|00003a90| 64 65 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |decoding| functio|
|00003aa0| 6e 20 6a 75 73 74 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 |n just d|escribed|
|00003ab0| 20 77 65 72 65 20 74 6f | 20 62 65 20 69 6d 70 6c | were to| be impl|
|00003ac0| 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 47 | 00 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |ementedG|. using |
|00003ad0| 20 61 20 20 73 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 20 20 62 6f 6f 6c | a  simp|le  bool|
|00003ae0| 65 61 6e 20 74 72 61 6e | 73 6c 61 74 6f 72 20 20 |ean tran|slator  |
|00003af0| 73 75 63 68 20 20 61 73 | 20 20 50 41 4c 41 53 4d |such  as|  PALASM|
|00003b00| 2a 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 71 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |*, the e|quations|
|00003b10| 47 00 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 20 62 65 20 20 77 72 |G. would|  be  wr|
|00003b20| 69 74 74 65 6e 20 20 61 | 73 20 20 73 68 6f 77 6e |itten  a|s  shown|
|00003b30| 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 28 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 | below (|without |
|00003b40| 74 68 65 20 61 69 64 20 | 6f 66 20 61 6e 79 20 68 |the aid |of any h|
|00003b50| 69 67 68 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 0f 00 20 63 61 70 61 |igh leve|l.. capa|
|00003b60| 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 | 29 3a 3f 00 20 20 20 42 |bilities|):?.   B|
|00003b70| 55 46 46 45 4e 20 3d 20 | 49 4f 52 44 20 2a 20 2f |UFFEN = |IORD * /|
|00003b80| 41 37 20 2a 20 2f 41 36 | 20 2a 20 2f 41 35 20 2a |A7 * /A6| * /A5 *|
|00003b90| 20 41 34 20 2a 20 2f 41 | 33 20 2a 20 2f 41 32 20 | A4 * /A|3 * /A2 |
|00003ba0| 2a 20 2f 41 31 20 2a 20 | 2f 41 30 3f 00 20 20 20 |* /A1 * |/A0?.   |
|00003bb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b | 20 49 4f 52 44 20 2a 20 |       +| IORD * |
|00003bc0| 2f 41 37 20 2a 20 2f 41 | 36 20 2a 20 2f 41 35 20 |/A7 * /A|6 * /A5 |
|00003bd0| 2a 20 41 34 20 2a 20 2f | 41 33 20 2a 20 2f 41 32 |* A4 * /|A3 * /A2|
|00003be0| 20 2a 20 2f 41 31 20 2a | 20 20 41 30 3f 00 20 20 | * /A1 *|  A0?.  |
|00003bf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2b 20 49 4f 52 44 20 2a |        |+ IORD *|
|00003c00| 20 2f 41 37 20 2a 20 2f | 41 36 20 2a 20 2f 41 35 | /A7 * /|A6 * /A5|
|00003c10| 20 2a 20 41 34 20 2a 20 | 2f 41 33 20 2a 20 2f 41 | * A4 * |/A3 * /A|
|00003c20| 32 20 2a 20 20 41 31 20 | 2a 20 2f 41 30 3f 00 20 |2 *  A1 |* /A0?. |
|00003c30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 2b 20 49 4f 57 52 20 |        | + IOWR |
|00003c40| 2a 20 2f 41 37 20 2a 20 | 2f 41 36 20 2a 20 2f 41 |* /A7 * |/A6 * /A|
|00003c50| 35 20 2a 20 41 34 20 2a | 20 2f 41 33 20 2a 20 2f |5 * A4 *| /A3 * /|
|00003c60| 41 32 20 2a 20 2f 41 31 | 20 2a 20 2f 41 30 3f 00 |A2 * /A1| * /A0?.|
|00003c70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 2b 20 49 4f 57 52 |        |  + IOWR|
|00003c80| 20 2a 20 2f 41 37 20 2a | 20 2f 41 36 20 2a 20 2f | * /A7 *| /A6 * /|
|00003c90| 41 35 20 2a 20 41 34 20 | 2a 20 2f 41 33 20 2a 20 |A5 * A4 |* /A3 * |
|00003ca0| 2f 41 32 20 2a 20 2f 41 | 31 20 2a 20 20 41 30 3f |/A2 * /A|1 *  A0?|
|00003cb0| 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 2b 20 49 4f 57 |.       |   + IOW|
|00003cc0| 52 20 2a 20 2f 41 37 20 | 2a 20 2f 41 36 20 2a 20 |R * /A7 |* /A6 * |
|00003cd0| 2f 41 35 20 2a 20 41 34 | 20 2a 20 2f 41 33 20 2a |/A5 * A4| * /A3 *|
|00003ce0| 20 2f 41 32 20 2a 20 20 | 41 31 20 2a 20 2f 41 30 | /A2 *  |A1 * /A0|
|00003cf0| 47 00 20 41 73 20 20 79 | 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 73 |G. As  y|ou can s|
|00003d00| 65 65 2c 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 |ee, this| type of|
|00003d10| 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 72 65 71 | descrip|tion req|
|00003d20| 75 69 72 65 73 20 61 20 | 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 |uires a |maximum |
|00003d30| 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f | 66 47 00 20 74 79 70 69 |amount o|fG. typi|
|00003d40| 6e 67 20 61 73 20 61 6c | 6c 20 65 71 75 61 74 69 |ng as al|l equati|
|00003d50| 6f 6e 73 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 62 65 20 69 6e 20 66 |ons must| be in f|
|00003d60| 75 6c 6c 79 20 65 78 70 | 61 6e 64 65 64 20 66 6f |ully exp|anded fo|
|00003d70| 72 6d 2e 20 41 6c 73 6f | 20 6e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 |rm. Also| note th|
|00003d80| 61 74 47 00 20 69 74 20 | 20 69 73 20 20 72 65 6c |atG. it | is  rel|
|00003d90| 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 | 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 |atively | difficu|
|00003da0| 6c 74 20 20 74 6f 20 20 | 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 |lt  to  |understa|
|00003db0| 6e 64 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 74 69 |nd  the | intenti|
|00003dc0| 6f 6e 73 20 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 38 00 20 64 65 |ons  of |the8. de|
|00003dd0| 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 20 | 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 20 |signer  |unless  |
|00003de0| 74 68 65 20 65 71 75 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 65 |the equa|tions we|
|00003df0| 72 65 20 68 65 61 76 69 | 6c 79 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 |re heavi|ly comme|
|00003e00| 6e 74 65 64 2e 50 00 2a | 20 50 41 4c 41 53 4d 20 |nted.P.*| PALASM |
|00003e10| 69 73 20 61 20 72 65 67 | 69 73 74 65 72 65 64 20 |is a reg|istered |
|00003e20| 74 72 61 64 65 6d 61 72 | 6b 20 6f 66 20 4d 6f 6e |trademar|k of Mon|
|00003e30| 6f 6c 69 74 68 69 63 20 | 4d 65 6d 6f 72 69 65 73 |olithic |Memories|
|00003e40| 2c 49 6e 63 2e 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |,Inc.   |        |
|00003e50| 20 20 20 4c 33 44 32 1c | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 |   L3D2.|.      P|
|00003e60| 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 73 | 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 |lease us|e one of|
|00003e70| 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 64 | 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 | the ..d|efined..|
|00003e80| 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 47 | functio|n keys.G|
|00003e90| 00 20 49 6e 20 20 63 6f | 6e 74 72 61 73 74 20 74 |. In  co|ntrast t|
|00003ea0| 6f 20 74 68 69 73 2c 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 65 71 |o this, | the  eq|
|00003eb0| 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2c 20 |uations | below, |
|00003ec0| 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e | 20 20 69 6e 20 20 43 55 | written|  in  CU|
|00003ed0| 50 4c 2c 20 20 61 72 65 | 47 00 20 76 69 72 74 75 |PL,  are|G. virtu|
|00003ee0| 61 6c 6c 79 20 20 73 65 | 6c 66 2d 64 6f 63 75 6d |ally  se|lf-docum|
|00003ef0| 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 20 61 64 |enting. | The  ad|
|00003f00| 64 72 65 73 73 20 20 62 | 75 73 20 69 73 20 66 69 |dress  b|us is fi|
|00003f10| 72 73 74 20 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 64 20 61 73 20 |rst  def|ined as |
|00003f20| 61 01 00 20 09 00 42 49 | 54 2d 46 49 45 4c 44 3b |a.. ..BI|T-FIELD;|
|00003f30| 00 20 20 20 28 67 72 6f | 75 70 20 20 20 6f 66 20 |.   (gro|up   of |
|00003f40| 20 20 62 69 74 73 29 20 | 20 20 20 61 6e 64 20 20 |  bits) |   and  |
|00003f50| 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 73 79 | given  | the  sy|
|00003f60| 6d 62 6f 6c 69 63 20 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 47 00 20 22 |mbolic  |nameG. "|
|00003f70| 41 44 52 22 2e 20 20 28 | 43 55 50 4c 20 20 77 69 |ADR".  (|CUPL  wi|
|00003f80| 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 | 73 75 62 73 74 69 74 75 |ll then |substitu|
|00003f90| 74 65 20 5b 41 37 2e 2e | 30 5d 20 77 68 65 72 65 |te [A7..|0] where|
|00003fa0| 76 65 72 20 41 44 52 20 | 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |ver ADR |is used |
|00003fb0| 69 6e 20 61 6e 0d 00 20 | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |in an.. |expressi|
|00003fc0| 6f 6e 2e 29 47 00 20 54 | 68 65 6e 2c 20 20 20 74 |on.)G. T|hen,   t|
|00003fd0| 68 65 20 20 73 74 72 6f | 62 65 73 20 20 61 72 65 |he  stro|bes  are|
|00003fe0| 20 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e | 65 64 20 20 20 61 6e 64 |  combin|ed   and|
|00003ff0| 20 20 20 67 69 76 65 6e | 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 61 |   given|   the a|
|00004000| 72 62 69 74 72 61 72 79 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 47 00 20 |rbitrary| nameG. |
|00004010| 22 49 4f 52 45 51 22 2e | 20 20 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c |"IOREQ".|  Finall|
|00004020| 79 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | 65 71 75 61 74 69 6f 6e |y  the  |equation|
|00004030| 20 20 66 6f 72 20 20 42 | 55 46 46 45 4e 20 20 69 |  for  B|UFFEN  i|
|00004040| 73 20 20 77 72 69 74 74 | 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 65 |s  writt|en in te|
|00004050| 72 6d 73 20 6f 66 47 00 | 20 49 4f 52 45 51 20 61 |rms ofG.| IOREQ a|
|00004060| 6e 64 20 41 44 52 20 77 | 68 65 72 65 20 41 44 52 |nd ADR w|here ADR|
|00004070| 20 69 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 | is with|in the r|
|00004080| 61 6e 67 65 20 6f 66 20 | 31 30 20 74 6f 20 31 32 |ange of |10 to 12|
|00004090| 20 68 65 78 2e 20 28 4e | 6f 74 65 20 74 68 65 0e | hex. (N|ote the.|
|000040a0| 00 20 75 73 65 20 20 6f | 66 20 20 74 68 65 20 39 |. use  o|f  the 9|
|000040b0| 00 20 4c 49 53 54 20 20 | 4e 4f 54 41 54 49 4f 4e |. LIST  |NOTATION|
|000040c0| 2c 20 20 52 41 4e 47 45 | 20 20 46 55 4e 43 54 49 |,  RANGE|  FUNCTI|
|000040d0| 4f 4e 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 4d 41 43 52 4f 20 53 55 |ON, and |MACRO SU|
|000040e0| 42 53 54 49 54 55 54 49 | 4f 4e 0f 00 20 63 61 70 |BSTITUTI|ON.. cap|
|000040f0| 61 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 | 73 29 3a 19 00 20 20 20 |abilitie|s):..   |
|00004100| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004110| 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 00 | 46 49 45 4c 44 20 41 44 |      ..|FIELD AD|
|00004120| 52 20 3d 20 5b 41 37 2e | 2e 30 5d 20 3b 19 00 20 |R = [A7.|.0] ;.. |
|00004130| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004140| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 15 00 49 4f 52 45 51 20 |        |..IOREQ |
|00004150| 3d 20 49 4f 52 44 20 23 | 20 49 4f 57 52 20 3b 14 |= IORD #| IOWR ;.|
|00004160| 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.       |        |
|00004170| 20 20 20 20 20 1f 00 42 | 55 46 46 45 4e 20 3d 20 |     ..B|UFFEN = |
|00004180| 49 4f 52 45 51 20 26 20 | 41 44 52 3a 5b 31 30 2e |IOREQ & |ADR:[10.|
|00004190| 2e 31 32 5d 20 3b 50 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.12] ;P.|        |
|000041a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000041b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000041c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000041d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000041e0| 20 20 20 20 4c 33 44 33 | 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |    L3D3|..      |
|000041f0| 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f |Please u|se one o|
|00004200| 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f |f the ..|defined.|
|00004210| 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e |. functi|on keys.|
|00004220| 0c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 00 |..      |      1.|
|00004230| 50 52 4f 47 52 41 4d 4d | 41 42 4c 45 20 4c 4f 47 |PROGRAMM|ABLE LOG|
|00004240| 49 43 20 42 41 53 45 44 | 20 52 41 4d 20 43 4f 4e |IC BASED| RAM CON|
|00004250| 54 52 4f 4c 4c 45 52 20 | 53 55 42 53 59 53 54 45 |TROLLER |SUBSYSTE|
|00004260| 4d 49 00 c9 cd cd cd cd | cd bb 20 20 20 41 31 39 |MI......|..   A19|
|00004270| 2e 2e 41 31 34 20 20 20 | 20 20 c9 cd cd cd cd cd |..A14   |  ......|
|00004280| cd cd bb 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...     |        |
|00004290| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000042a0| 20 20 20 c9 cd cd cd cd | cd cd cd bb 19 00 ba 20 |   .....|....... |
|000042b0| 20 20 20 20 c7 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |    ....|........|
|000042c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 20 06 | 00 4d 45 4d 44 45 43 2a |...... .|.MEMDEC*|
|000042d0| 00 ba 20 20 21 52 41 53 | 33 2e 2e 30 20 20 da c4 |..  !RAS|3..0  ..|
|000042e0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000042f0| c4 c4 b6 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 ba 49 00 ba 20 20 |...     |  .I..  |
|00004300| 20 20 20 ba 20 21 49 4f | 52 44 2c 21 49 4f 57 52 |   . !IO|RD,!IOWR|
|00004310| 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 c7 c4 c4 c4 |    .   |    ....|
|00004320| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 b4 20 20 c9 cd cd cd |........|..  ....|
|00004330| bb 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 |.       |     .  |
|00004340| 34 78 20 20 20 ba 49 00 | ba 20 43 50 55 20 c7 c4 |4x   .I.|. CPU ..|
|00004350| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 |........|........|
|00004360| 50 41 4c 31 36 4c 38 ba | 20 21 43 41 53 5f 49 4e |PAL16L8.| !CAS_IN|
|00004370| 49 54 20 20 c0 c4 4f ba | 20 20 20 c8 cd bb 20 21 |IT  ..O.|   ... !|
|00004380| 43 41 53 33 2e 2e 30 20 | ba 20 31 36 4b 78 38 20 |CAS3..0 |. 16Kx8 |
|00004390| ba 49 00 ba 20 20 20 20 | 20 ba 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.I..    | .      |
|000043a0| 20 20 41 4c 54 5f 4c 4f | 43 20 ba 20 20 20 4f 52 |  ALT_LO|C .   OR|
|000043b0| 20 20 c7 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 bf 20 20 20 20 20 20 |  ......|..      |
|000043c0| 20 20 ba 34 78 53 33 32 | ba 4f c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |  .4xS32|.O......|
|000043d0| c4 c4 c4 b6 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 ba 49 00 ba 20 |....    |   .I.. |
|000043e0| 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 4a | 4d 50 52 11 c4 c4 c4 c4 |    .  J|MPR.....|
|000043f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 20 38 | 32 53 31 35 33 ba 20 20 |...... 8|2S153.  |
|00004400| 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 | 20 20 da c4 4f ba 20 20 |    .   |  ..O.  |
|00004410| 20 c9 cd bc 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba 44 | ...    |      .D|
|00004420| 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 ba 49 | 00 ba 20 20 20 20 20 ba |ynamic.I|..     .|
|00004430| 20 20 21 52 45 46 5f 52 | 41 53 da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |  !REF_R|AS......|
|00004440| b6 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ba 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |.       |.      .|
|00004450| 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 | c8 cd cd cd bc 20 20 20 |     .  |.....   |
|00004460| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 ba 20 20 52 41 4d 20 |        | .  RAM |
|00004470| 20 ba 49 00 ba 20 20 20 | 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 20 | .I..   |  .     |
|00004480| 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 da | c4 c4 c4 b6 20 20 20 20 |     . .|....    |
|00004490| 20 20 20 ba 20 20 20 c9 | cd cd cf cd cd cd cd cd |   .   .|........|
|000044a0| cf cd bb 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...     |        |
|000044b0| 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 ba 49 00 ba |    .   |    .I..|
|000044c0| 20 20 20 20 20 ba 20 41 | 31 33 2e 2e 30 20 20 20 |     . A|13..0   |
|000044d0| b3 20 b3 20 20 20 c8 cd | cd cd cd cd cd cd bc 20 |. .   ..|....... |
|000044e0| 20 20 ba 44 45 4c 41 59 | 20 4c 49 4e 45 ba 20 20 |  .DELAY| LINE.  |
|000044f0| 20 c9 cd cd cd cd cd cd | cd cd cd bb 20 20 20 ba | .......|....   .|
|00004500| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba | 49 00 ba 20 20 20 20 20 |       .|I..     |
|00004510| c7 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 bf 20 b3 20 c0 c4 c4 |........|.. . ...|
|00004520| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 bf 20 c8 cd cd |........|.... ...|
|00004530| cd cd cd cd d1 cd cd cd | bc 20 20 20 ba 20 41 44 |........|.   . AD|
|00004540| 44 52 45 53 53 20 ba 20 | 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 20 |DRESS . |  .     |
|00004550| 20 20 ba 49 00 ba 20 20 | 20 20 20 ba 21 42 55 53 |  .I..  |   .!BUS|
|00004560| 5f 41 4b 20 c0 c4 b3 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |_AK ....|........|
|00004570| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b3 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b3 |........|........|
|00004580| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 | 20 20 20 4d 55 58 20 20 |........|   MUX  |
|00004590| 20 ba 20 20 20 ba 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 ba 49 00 | .   .  |     .I.|
|000045a0| ba 20 20 20 20 20 c7 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 bf |.     ..|........|
|000045b0| 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 bf | .......|........|
|000045c0| 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 | .      |  .     |
|000045d0| 20 20 ba 20 20 28 34 78 | 31 29 20 20 c7 c4 c4 c4 |  .  (4x|1)  ....|
|000045e0| b6 41 37 2e 2e 30 20 20 | ba 49 00 c8 cd cd d1 cd |.A7..0  |.I......|
|000045f0| cd bc 21 42 55 53 5f 52 | 45 51 b3 20 da c4 c4 c4 |..!BUS_R|EQ. ....|
|00004600| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | bf 20 b3 20 b3 20 20 20 |........|. . .   |
|00004610| 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 | 20 da c4 c4 c4 b6 20 20 |     .  | .....  |
|00004620| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba | 20 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 |       .|   .    |
|00004630| 20 20 20 ba 49 00 20 20 | 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |   .I.  | .......|
|00004640| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b3 c4 d9 | 20 c9 cd cd cd cd cd cd |........| .......|
|00004650| cd bb 20 b3 20 b3 20 b3 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. . . .|        |
|00004660| b3 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 | ba 53 45 4c 41 20 53 45 |.   .   |.SELA SE|
|00004670| 4c 42 ba 20 20 20 ba 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 ba 14 |LB.   . |      ..|
|00004680| 00 c9 cd cd cd cd cd bb | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |........|        |
|00004690| c0 c4 c4 c4 b6 07 00 52 | 46 53 48 43 4e 54 2e 00 |.......R|FSHCNT..|
|000046a0| ba 20 b3 20 b3 20 b3 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |. . . . |       .|
|000046b0| 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 c8 | cd cd d1 cd cd cd d1 cd |   .   .|........|
|000046c0| cd bc 20 20 20 ba 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 ba 49 00 |..   .  |     .I.|
|000046d0| ba 52 46 53 48 20 ba 20 | 20 20 20 20 52 45 53 45 |.RFSH . |    RESE|
|000046e0| 54 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 c7 c4 d9 20 b3 |T  .    |   ... .|
|000046f0| 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 b3 c4 | .      |  ......|
|00004700| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 20 | 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 |......  | .      |
|00004710| ba 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ba 49 00 ba 54 49 4d 45 |.       |.I..TIME|
|00004720| 52 ba 20 20 20 20 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 50 |R.    ..|.......P|
|00004730| 41 4c 31 36 52 36 c7 c4 | c4 c4 d9 20 b3 21 52 46 |AL16R6..|... .!RF|
|00004740| 53 48 5f 41 44 52 5f 45 | 4e b3 20 20 20 20 20 20 |SH_ADR_E|N.      |
|00004750| 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 ba 20 20 20 20 |    .   |   .    |
|00004760| 20 20 20 ba 49 00 ba 20 | 20 20 20 20 ba 20 20 21 |   .I.. |    .  !|
|00004770| 52 45 46 5f 52 45 51 20 | 20 ba 20 20 20 4f 52 20 |REF_REQ | .   OR |
|00004780| 20 c7 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c1 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | .......|........|
|00004790| c4 c4 c4 c4 b3 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 |........|........|
|000047a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 c8 cd | cd cd cd cd cd cd bc 42 |      ..|.......B|
|000047b0| 00 ba 20 43 4c 52 20 c7 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |.. CLR .|........|
|000047c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 b6 20 38 32 | 53 31 35 37 c7 c4 bf 20 |..... 82|S157... |
|000047d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 c9 | cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cf |       .|........|
|000047e0| cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd | cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd |........|........|
|000047f0| cd cd bb 42 00 c8 cd cd | 4f cd cd bc 21 43 4c 52 |...B....|O...!CLR|
|00004800| 5f 52 45 46 5f 54 4d 52 | c8 cd cd cd cd cd cd cd |_REF_TMR|........|
|00004810| bc 20 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 b6 3e 20 52 45 |. ......|....> RE|
|00004820| 46 52 45 53 48 20 41 44 | 44 52 45 53 53 20 43 4f |FRESH AD|DRESS CO|
|00004830| 55 4e 54 45 52 20 ba 50 | 00 20 20 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 |UNTER .P|.   ....|
|00004840| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00004850| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 c8 |....... |       .|
|00004860| cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd | cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd |........|........|
|00004870| cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd | cd cd bc 20 20 20 20 20 |........|...     |
|00004880| 20 20 20 20 20 4c 33 44 | 34 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 |     L3D|4..     |
|00004890| 20 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 | 75 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 | Please |use one |
|000048a0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 | 00 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 |of the .|.defined|
|000048b0| 0f 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 |.. funct|ion keys|
|000048c0| 2e 07 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 16 00 44 59 4e 41 |...     |  ..DYNA|
|000048d0| 4d 49 43 20 52 41 4d 20 | 43 4f 4e 54 52 4f 4c 4c |MIC RAM |CONTROLL|
|000048e0| 45 52 25 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ER%.    |        |
|000048f0| 20 20 20 20 46 46 46 46 | 46 20 c4 da c4 c4 c4 c4 |    FFFF|F ......|
|00004900| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 bf 20 | bf 42 00 20 20 20 20 20 |....... |.B.     |
|00004910| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004920| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004930| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |        |       .|
|00004940| 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 33 | 20 20 b3 20 b3 42 00 54 |  BANK 3|  . .B.T|
|00004950| 68 65 20 64 65 76 69 63 | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 |he devic|e named |
|00004960| 22 4d 45 4d 44 45 43 22 | 20 73 75 70 70 6c 69 65 |"MEMDEC"| supplie|
|00004970| 73 20 74 68 65 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 46 43 30 30 |s the   |    FC00|
|00004980| 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 20 |0 ......|....... |
|00004990| b3 42 00 66 6f 75 72 20 | 31 36 6b 78 38 20 62 61 |.B.four |16kx8 ba|
|000049a0| 6e 6b 73 20 6f 66 20 64 | 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 52 |nks of d|ynamic R|
|000049b0| 41 4d 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 20 20 20 20 |AM with |the     |
|000049c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 | 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 32 |       .|  BANK 2|
|000049d0| 20 20 b3 20 b3 4b 00 6e | 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 |  . .K.n|ecessary|
|000049e0| 20 52 41 53 20 28 52 6f | 77 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 | RAS (Ro|w Addres|
|000049f0| 73 20 53 74 72 6f 62 65 | 29 20 73 69 67 6e 61 6c |s Strobe|) signal|
|00004a00| 73 20 20 20 46 38 30 30 | 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 |s   F800|0 ......|
|00004a10| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 20 | b3 41 4c 54 5f 4c 4f 43 |....... |.ALT_LOC|
|00004a20| 3d 31 42 00 61 73 20 77 | 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 67 |=1B.as w|ell as g|
|00004a30| 65 6e 65 72 61 74 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 |eneratin|g the si|
|00004a40| 67 6e 61 6c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 20 20 20 20 20 |gnal whi|ch      |
|00004a50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | b3 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 |        |.  BANK |
|00004a60| 31 20 20 b3 20 b3 42 00 | 69 6e 69 74 69 61 74 65 |1  . .B.|initiate|
|00004a70| 73 20 74 68 65 20 43 41 | 53 20 28 43 6f 6c 75 6d |s the CA|S (Colum|
|00004a80| 6e 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 53 74 72 6f 62 65 |n Addres|s Strobe|
|00004a90| 29 20 20 20 20 46 34 30 | 30 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 |)    F40|00 .....|
|00004aa0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 | 20 b3 42 00 62 79 20 66 |........| .B.by f|
|00004ab0| 69 72 73 74 20 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 70 61 73 73 65 |irst bei|ng passe|
|00004ac0| 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 61 20 64 65 6c 61 |d throug|h a dela|
|00004ad0| 79 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |y line  |        |
|00004ae0| b3 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 | 30 20 20 b3 20 b3 42 00 |.  BANK |0  . .B.|
|00004af0| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e | 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 62 69 |and then| recombi|
|00004b00| 6e 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 52 41 53 |ned with| the RAS|
|00004b10| 20 73 69 67 6e 61 6c 73 | 20 20 20 20 20 46 30 30 | signals|     F00|
|00004b20| 30 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 |00 .....|........|
|00004b30| 20 d9 40 00 69 6e 20 37 | 34 53 33 32 20 67 61 74 | .@.in 7|4S32 gat|
|00004b40| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 70 72 | 6f 64 75 63 65 20 74 68 |es to pr|oduce th|
|00004b50| 65 20 43 41 53 20 73 69 | 67 6e 61 6c 73 2e 20 20 |e CAS si|gnals.  |
|00004b60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | c0 c4 bf 20 20 20 20 20 |        |...     |
|00004b70| 20 da c4 d9 41 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ...A.  |        |
|00004b80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004b90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004ba0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 c0 c4 bf 20 |        |    ... |
|00004bb0| 20 da c4 d9 20 20 20 06 | 00 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 43 | ...   .|.MEMORYC|
|00004bc0| 00 54 68 69 73 20 64 65 | 76 69 63 65 20 64 65 63 |.This de|vice dec|
|00004bd0| 6f 64 65 73 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 20 62 69 74 |odes add|ress bit|
|00004be0| 73 20 41 31 39 20 74 68 | 72 75 20 20 20 20 20 20 |s A19 th|ru      |
|00004bf0| 20 20 20 20 20 da c4 bf | 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 20 da c4 |     ...| .... ..|
|00004c00| bf 20 20 20 03 00 4d 41 | 50 40 00 61 31 34 20 6f |.   ..MA|P@.a14 o|
|00004c10| 66 20 61 20 32 30 20 62 | 69 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 |f a 20 b|it addre|
|00004c20| 73 73 20 73 70 61 63 65 | 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 |ss space| includi|
|00004c30| 6e 67 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |ng      |       .|
|00004c40| 20 c0 c4 bf 20 20 da c4 | d9 20 b3 40 00 6d 61 70 | ...  ..|. .@.map|
|00004c50| 70 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 36 34 6b 20 62 6c 6f |ping the| 64k blo|
|00004c60| 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 65 69 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 |ck to ei|ther the|
|00004c70| 20 74 6f 70 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | top    |        |
|00004c80| 20 b3 20 20 20 c0 c4 c4 | d9 20 20 20 b3 42 00 6f | .   ...|.   .B.o|
|00004c90| 72 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |r bottom| of the |
|00004ca0| 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d | 61 70 20 61 63 63 6f 72 |memory m|ap accor|
|00004cb0| 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 | 20 20 20 20 30 46 46 46 |ding to |    0FFF|
|00004cc0| 46 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 20 |F ......|....... |
|00004cd0| bf 42 00 61 20 6a 75 6d | 70 65 72 20 73 65 6c 65 |.B.a jum|per sele|
|00004ce0| 63 74 61 62 6c 65 20 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 63 61 6c |ctable i|nput cal|
|00004cf0| 6c 65 64 20 22 41 4c 54 | 5f 4c 4f 43 22 20 20 20 |led "ALT|_LOC"   |
|00004d00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 | 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 33 |       .|  BANK 3|
|00004d10| 20 20 b3 20 b3 42 00 61 | 73 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 |  . .B.a|s shown |
|00004d20| 68 65 72 65 20 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 |here at |the righ|
|00004d30| 74 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |t.      |        |
|00004d40| 20 20 20 20 30 43 30 30 | 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 |    0C00|0 ......|
|00004d50| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 20 | b3 42 00 20 20 20 20 20 |....... |.B.     |
|00004d60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004d70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004d80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |        |       .|
|00004d90| 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 32 | 20 20 b3 20 b3 4b 00 49 |  BANK 2|  . .K.I|
|00004da0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f | 67 69 63 20 73 6f 75 72 |n the lo|gic sour|
|00004db0| 63 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 22 4d 45 4d |ce file |for "MEM|
|00004dc0| 44 45 43 22 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 30 38 30 30 |DEC"    |    0800|
|00004dd0| 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 20 |0 ......|....... |
|00004de0| b3 41 4c 54 5f 4c 4f 43 | 3d 30 42 00 77 68 69 63 |.ALT_LOC|=0B.whic|
|00004df0| 68 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 73 2c 20 6e 6f 74 65 20 |h follow|s, note |
|00004e00| 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c |the use |of the l|
|00004e10| 69 73 74 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ist     |        |
|00004e20| b3 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 | 31 20 20 b3 20 b3 42 00 |.  BANK |1  . .B.|
|00004e30| 6e 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 62 69 74 2d 66 69 |notation|, bit-fi|
|00004e40| 65 6c 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |eld, and| address|
|00004e50| 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 30 34 30 | range  |     040|
|00004e60| 30 30 20 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 b4 |00 .....|........|
|00004e70| 20 b3 42 00 66 75 6e 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 70 | .B.func|tion cap|
|00004e80| 61 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 | 73 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 |abilitie|s.      |
|00004e90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004ea0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | b3 20 20 42 41 4e 4b 20 |        |.  BANK |
|00004eb0| 30 20 20 b3 20 b3 50 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |0  . .P.|        |
|00004ec0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004ed0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004ee0| 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 | 30 30 20 c4 c0 c4 c4 c4 |     000|00 .....|
|00004ef0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 | 20 d9 20 20 20 20 20 20 |........| .      |
|00004f00| 20 20 20 20 4c 33 44 35 | 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |    L3D5|..      |
|00004f10| 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f |Please u|se one o|
|00004f20| 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f |f the ..|defined.|
|00004f30| 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e |. functi|on keys.|
|00004f40| 26 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |&.      |        |
|00004f50| 20 20 50 41 52 54 4e 4f | 20 20 20 20 32 36 30 30 |  PARTNO|    2600|
|00004f60| 41 30 30 30 30 34 20 3b | 21 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |A00004 ;|!.      |
|00004f70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |        |  NAME  |
|00004f80| 20 20 20 20 4d 45 4d 44 | 45 43 3b 24 00 20 20 20 |    MEMD|EC;$.   |
|00004f90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 44 41 54 |        |     DAT|
|00004fa0| 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 | 32 2f 31 34 2f 38 34 20 |E      0|2/14/84 |
|00004fb0| 3b 1e 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |;..     |        |
|00004fc0| 20 20 20 52 45 56 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 30 32 20 |   REV  |     02 |
|00004fd0| 3b 21 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |;!.     |        |
|00004fe0| 20 20 20 44 45 53 49 47 | 4e 45 52 20 20 4f 73 61 |   DESIG|NER  Osa|
|00004ff0| 6e 6e 20 3b 2f 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |nn ;/.  |        |
|00005000| 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4f | 4d 50 41 4e 59 20 20 20 |      CO|MPANY   |
|00005010| 41 73 73 69 73 74 65 64 | 20 54 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c |Assisted| Technol|
|00005020| 6f 67 79 20 3b 22 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ogy ;". |        |
|00005030| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 | 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 59 20 |       A|SSEMBLY |
|00005040| 20 50 43 2d 52 41 4d 20 | 3b 1f 00 20 20 20 20 20 | PC-RAM |;..     |
|00005050| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 4c 4f 43 41 54 |        |   LOCAT|
|00005060| 49 4f 4e 20 20 55 37 36 | 20 3b 44 00 2f 2a 2a 2a |ION  U76| ;D./***|
|00005070| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|00005080| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|00005090| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|000050a0| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2f |********|*******/|
|000050b0| 44 00 2f 2a 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 |D./* Thi|s device|
|000050c0| 20 64 65 63 6f 64 65 73 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d 65 6d | decodes| all mem|
|000050d0| 6f 72 79 20 61 63 63 65 | 73 73 65 73 20 66 6f 72 |ory acce|sses for|
|000050e0| 20 62 6f 74 68 20 70 72 | 69 6d 61 72 79 20 61 6e | both pr|imary an|
|000050f0| 64 20 20 20 2a 2f 44 00 | 2f 2a 20 61 6c 74 65 72 |d   */D.|/* alter|
|00005100| 6e 61 74 65 20 6c 6f 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 |nate loc|ations. |
|00005110| 49 74 20 67 65 6e 65 72 | 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 65 |It gener|ates the|
|00005120| 20 52 41 53 20 73 69 67 | 6e 61 6c 73 20 66 6f 72 | RAS sig|nals for|
|00005130| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 75 | 72 20 2a 2f 44 00 2f 2a | the fou|r */D./*|
|00005140| 20 62 61 6e 6b 73 20 6f | 66 20 31 36 4b 20 64 79 | banks o|f 16K dy|
|00005150| 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 52 41 | 4d 53 20 61 73 20 77 65 |namic RA|MS as we|
|00005160| 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 69 67 6e 61 6c |ll as th|e signal|
|00005170| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 6e | 69 74 69 61 74 65 73 20 | that in|itiates |
|00005180| 2a 2f 44 00 2f 2a 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 41 53 20 73 |*/D./* t|he CAS s|
|00005190| 69 67 6e 61 6c 73 2e 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ignals. |        |
|000051a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000051b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000051c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a 2f | 44 00 2f 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |      */|D./*****|
|000051d0| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|000051e0| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|000051f0| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |********|********|
|00005200| 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2f 44 00 |********|*****/D.|
|00005210| 2f 2a 2a 20 41 4c 4c 4f | 57 41 42 4c 45 20 54 41 |/** ALLO|WABLE TA|
|00005220| 52 47 45 54 20 44 45 56 | 49 43 45 20 54 59 50 45 |RGET DEV|ICE TYPE|
|00005230| 53 3a 20 50 41 4c 31 36 | 4c 38 2c 20 38 32 53 31 |S: PAL16|L8, 82S1|
|00005240| 35 33 2c 20 50 41 4c 31 | 36 50 38 20 20 20 20 20 |53, PAL1|6P8     |
|00005250| 20 2a 2a 2f 10 00 2f 2a | 2a 20 20 49 4e 50 55 54 | **/../*|*  INPUT|
|00005260| 53 20 20 2a 2a 2f 33 00 | 50 49 4e 20 5b 31 2e 2e |S  **/3.|PIN [1..|
|00005270| 36 5d 20 20 20 3d 20 5b | 61 31 39 2e 2e 31 34 5d |6]   = [|a19..14]|
|00005280| 20 20 20 20 3b 20 2f 2a | 20 43 50 55 20 61 64 64 |    ; /*| CPU add|
|00005290| 72 65 73 73 20 62 75 73 | 20 2a 2f 37 00 50 49 4e |ress bus| */7.PIN|
|000052a0| 20 5b 37 2c 38 5d 20 20 | 20 20 3d 20 21 5b 6d 65 | [7,8]  |  = ![me|
|000052b0| 6d 77 2c 6d 65 6d 72 5d | 20 3b 20 2f 2a 20 4d 65 |mw,memr]| ; /* Me|
|000052c0| 6d 6f 72 79 20 64 61 74 | 61 20 73 74 72 6f 62 65 |mory dat|a strobe|
|000052d0| 73 20 2a 2f 47 00 50 49 | 4e 20 39 20 20 20 20 20 |s */G.PI|N 9     |
|000052e0| 20 20 20 3d 20 21 72 65 | 66 5f 61 64 72 5f 65 6e |   = !re|f_adr_en|
|000052f0| 20 20 3b 20 2f 2a 20 49 | 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 73 |  ; /* I|ndicates|
|00005300| 20 72 65 66 72 65 73 68 | 20 63 79 63 6c 65 20 69 | refresh| cycle i|
|00005310| 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 65 | 73 73 20 2a 2f 3f 00 50 |n progre|ss */?.P|
|00005320| 49 4e 20 31 31 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 3d 20 21 72 |IN 11   |    = !r|
|00005330| 65 66 5f 72 61 73 20 20 | 20 20 20 3b 20 2f 2a 20 |ef_ras  |   ; /* |
|00005340| 53 74 72 6f 62 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 52 41 53 2d 6f |Strobe f|or RAS-o|
|00005350| 6e 6c 79 20 72 65 66 72 | 65 73 68 20 2a 2f 50 00 |nly refr|esh */P.|
|00005360| 50 49 4e 20 31 33 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 3d 20 61 |PIN 13  |     = a|
|00005370| 6c 74 5f 6c 6f 63 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 3b 20 2f 2a |lt_loc  |    ; /*|
|00005380| 20 50 6c 61 63 65 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 69 6e | Place m|emory in|
|00005390| 20 61 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 | 74 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 | alterna|te range|
|000053a0| 20 2a 2f 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 4c 33 44 36 | */     |    L3D6|
|000053b0| 1c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 |..      |Please u|
|000053c0| 73 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 |se one o|f the ..|
|000053d0| 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f | 00 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |defined.|. functi|
|000053e0| 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e | 11 00 2f 2a 2a 20 20 4f |on keys.|../**  O|
|000053f0| 55 54 50 55 54 53 20 20 | 2a 2a 2f 38 00 50 49 4e |UTPUTS  |**/8.PIN|
|00005400| 20 5b 31 39 2e 2e 31 36 | 5d 20 3d 20 21 5b 72 61 | [19..16|] = ![ra|
|00005410| 73 33 2e 2e 30 5d 3b 20 | 2f 2a 20 52 41 4d 20 52 |s3..0]; |/* RAM R|
|00005420| 6f 77 20 41 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 53 74 72 6f 62 |ow Addre|ss Strob|
|00005430| 65 73 20 2a 2f 33 00 50 | 49 4e 20 31 34 20 20 20 |es */3.P|IN 14   |
|00005440| 20 20 20 20 3d 20 21 63 | 61 73 5f 69 6e 69 74 20 |    = !c|as_init |
|00005450| 3b 20 2f 2a 20 45 6e 61 | 62 6c 65 20 43 41 53 20 |; /* Ena|ble CAS |
|00005460| 73 74 72 6f 62 65 73 20 | 2a 2f 3a 00 2f 2a 2a 20 |strobes |*/:./** |
|00005470| 44 45 43 4c 41 52 41 54 | 49 4f 4e 53 20 61 6e 64 |DECLARAT|IONS and|
|00005480| 20 49 4e 54 45 52 4d 45 | 44 49 41 54 45 20 56 41 | INTERME|DIATE VA|
|00005490| 52 49 41 42 4c 45 20 44 | 45 46 49 4e 49 54 49 4f |RIABLE D|EFINITIO|
|000054a0| 4e 53 20 2a 2a 2f 30 00 | 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6d 65 |NS **/0.|field me|
|000054b0| 6d 61 64 72 20 3d 20 5b | 61 31 39 2e 2e 31 34 5d |madr = [|a19..14]|
|000054c0| 20 3b 20 20 2f 2a 20 4d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 61 64 | ;  /* M|emory ad|
|000054d0| 64 72 65 73 73 20 2a 2f | 2b 00 6d 65 6d 72 65 71 |dress */|+.memreq|
|000054e0| 20 3d 20 6d 65 6d 77 20 | 23 20 6d 65 6d 72 20 3b | = memw |# memr ;|
|000054f0| 20 2f 2a 20 4d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 72 65 71 75 65 | /* Memo|ry reque|
|00005500| 73 74 20 2a 2f 19 00 2f | 2a 2a 20 20 4c 4f 47 49 |st */../|**  LOGI|
|00005510| 43 20 45 51 55 41 54 49 | 4f 4e 53 20 20 2a 2a 2f |C EQUATI|ONS  **/|
|00005520| 1e 00 72 61 73 33 20 20 | 3d 20 6d 65 6d 72 65 71 |..ras3  |= memreq|
|00005530| 20 26 20 21 72 65 66 5f | 61 64 72 5f 65 6e 20 26 | & !ref_|adr_en &|
|00005540| 3e 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 28 21 61 6c 74 5f 6c |>.      | (!alt_l|
|00005550| 6f 63 20 26 20 6d 65 6d | 61 64 72 3a 5b 30 43 30 |oc & mem|adr:[0C0|
|00005560| 30 30 2e 2e 30 46 46 46 | 46 5d 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 |00..0FFF|F]   /* |
|00005570| 50 72 69 6d 61 72 79 20 | 72 61 6e 67 65 20 2a 2f |Primary |range */|
|00005580| 40 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 23 20 61 6c 74 5f 6c |@.      | # alt_l|
|00005590| 6f 63 20 26 20 6d 65 6d | 61 64 72 3a 5b 46 43 30 |oc & mem|adr:[FC0|
|000055a0| 30 30 2e 2e 46 46 46 46 | 46 5d 29 20 20 2f 2a 20 |00..FFFF|F])  /* |
|000055b0| 41 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 | 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 |Alternat|e range |
|000055c0| 2a 2f 3e 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 23 20 72 65 66 |*/>.    |   # ref|
|000055d0| 5f 61 64 72 5f 65 6e 20 | 26 20 72 65 66 5f 72 61 |_adr_en |& ref_ra|
|000055e0| 73 20 3b 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2f |s ;     |       /|
|000055f0| 2a 20 52 65 66 72 65 73 | 68 20 63 79 63 6c 65 20 |* Refres|h cycle |
|00005600| 2a 2f 1e 00 72 61 73 32 | 20 20 3d 20 6d 65 6d 72 |*/..ras2|  = memr|
|00005610| 65 71 20 26 20 21 72 65 | 66 5f 61 64 72 5f 65 6e |eq & !re|f_adr_en|
|00005620| 20 26 3e 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 28 21 61 6c 74 | &>.    |   (!alt|
|00005630| 5f 6c 6f 63 20 26 20 6d | 65 6d 61 64 72 3a 5b 30 |_loc & m|emadr:[0|
|00005640| 38 30 30 30 2e 2e 30 42 | 46 46 46 5d 20 20 20 2f |8000..0B|FFF]   /|
|00005650| 2a 20 50 72 69 6d 61 72 | 79 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 |* Primar|y range |
|00005660| 2a 2f 40 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 23 20 61 6c 74 |*/@.    |   # alt|
|00005670| 5f 6c 6f 63 20 26 20 6d | 65 6d 61 64 72 3a 5b 46 |_loc & m|emadr:[F|
|00005680| 38 30 30 30 2e 2e 46 42 | 46 46 46 5d 29 20 20 2f |8000..FB|FFF])  /|
|00005690| 2a 20 41 6c 74 65 72 6e | 61 74 65 20 72 61 6e 67 |* Altern|ate rang|
|000056a0| 65 20 2a 2f 50 00 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 23 20 72 |e */P.  |     # r|
|000056b0| 65 66 5f 61 64 72 5f 65 | 6e 20 26 20 72 65 66 5f |ef_adr_e|n & ref_|
|000056c0| 72 61 73 20 3b 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ras ;   |        |
|000056d0| 20 2f 2a 20 52 65 66 72 | 65 73 68 20 63 79 63 6c | /* Refr|esh cycl|
|000056e0| 65 20 2a 2f 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e */    |        |
|000056f0| 20 20 4c 33 44 37 1c 00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 6c |  L3D7..|      Pl|
|00005700| 65 61 73 65 20 75 73 65 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 |ease use| one of |
|00005710| 74 68 65 20 07 00 64 65 | 66 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 |the ..de|fined.. |
|00005720| 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 1e 00 |function| keys...|
|00005730| 72 61 73 31 20 20 3d 20 | 6d 65 6d 72 65 71 20 26 |ras1  = |memreq &|
|00005740| 20 21 72 65 66 5f 61 64 | 72 5f 65 6e 20 26 3e 00 | !ref_ad|r_en &>.|
|00005750| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 | 21 61 6c 74 5f 6c 6f 63 |       (|!alt_loc|
|00005760| 20 26 20 6d 65 6d 61 64 | 72 3a 5b 30 34 30 30 30 | & memad|r:[04000|
|00005770| 2e 2e 30 37 46 46 46 5d | 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 50 72 |..07FFF]|   /* Pr|
|00005780| 69 6d 61 72 79 20 72 61 | 6e 67 65 20 2a 2f 40 00 |imary ra|nge */@.|
|00005790| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 | 20 61 6c 74 5f 6c 6f 63 |       #| alt_loc|
|000057a0| 20 26 20 6d 65 6d 61 64 | 72 3a 5b 46 34 30 30 30 | & memad|r:[F4000|
|000057b0| 2e 2e 46 37 46 46 46 5d | 29 20 20 2f 2a 20 41 6c |..F7FFF]|)  /* Al|
|000057c0| 74 65 72 6e 61 74 65 20 | 72 61 6e 67 65 20 2a 2f |ternate |range */|
|000057d0| 3e 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 23 20 72 65 66 5f 61 |>.      | # ref_a|
|000057e0| 64 72 5f 65 6e 20 26 20 | 72 65 66 5f 72 61 73 20 |dr_en & |ref_ras |
|000057f0| 3b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 |;       |     /* |
|00005800| 52 65 66 72 65 73 68 20 | 63 79 63 6c 65 20 2a 2f |Refresh |cycle */|
|00005810| 1e 00 72 61 73 30 20 20 | 3d 20 6d 65 6d 72 65 71 |..ras0  |= memreq|
|00005820| 20 26 20 21 72 65 66 5f | 61 64 72 5f 65 6e 20 26 | & !ref_|adr_en &|
|00005830| 3e 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 28 21 61 6c 74 5f 6c |>.      | (!alt_l|
|00005840| 6f 63 20 26 20 6d 65 6d | 61 64 72 3a 5b 30 30 30 |oc & mem|adr:[000|
|00005850| 30 30 2e 2e 30 33 46 46 | 46 5d 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 |00..03FF|F]   /* |
|00005860| 50 72 69 6d 61 72 79 20 | 72 61 6e 67 65 20 2a 2f |Primary |range */|
|00005870| 40 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 23 20 61 6c 74 5f 6c |@.      | # alt_l|
|00005880| 6f 63 20 26 20 6d 65 6d | 61 64 72 3a 5b 46 30 30 |oc & mem|adr:[F00|
|00005890| 30 30 2e 2e 46 33 46 46 | 46 5d 29 20 20 2f 2a 20 |00..F3FF|F])  /* |
|000058a0| 41 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 | 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 |Alternat|e range |
|000058b0| 2a 2f 3e 00 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 23 20 72 65 66 |*/>.    |   # ref|
|000058c0| 5f 61 64 72 5f 65 6e 20 | 26 20 72 65 66 5f 72 61 |_adr_en |& ref_ra|
|000058d0| 73 20 3b 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2f |s ;     |       /|
|000058e0| 2a 20 52 65 66 72 65 73 | 68 20 63 79 63 6c 65 20 |* Refres|h cycle |
|000058f0| 2a 2f 21 00 63 61 73 5f | 69 6e 69 74 20 3d 20 6d |*/!.cas_|init = m|
|00005900| 65 6d 72 65 71 20 26 20 | 21 72 65 66 5f 61 64 72 |emreq & |!ref_adr|
|00005910| 5f 65 6e 20 26 41 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |_en &A. |        |
|00005920| 20 28 21 61 6c 74 5f 6c | 6f 63 20 26 20 6d 65 6d | (!alt_l|oc & mem|
|00005930| 61 64 72 3a 5b 30 30 30 | 30 30 2e 2e 30 46 46 46 |adr:[000|00..0FFF|
|00005940| 46 5d 20 20 20 2f 2a 20 | 50 72 69 6d 61 72 79 20 |F]   /* |Primary |
|00005950| 72 61 6e 67 65 20 2a 2f | 43 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 |range */|C.      |
|00005960| 20 20 20 20 23 20 61 6c | 74 5f 6c 6f 63 20 26 20 |    # al|t_loc & |
|00005970| 6d 65 6d 61 64 72 3a 5b | 46 30 30 30 30 2e 2e 46 |memadr:[|F0000..F|
|00005980| 46 46 46 46 5d 29 3b 20 | 2f 2a 20 41 6c 74 65 72 |FFFF]); |/* Alter|
|00005990| 6e 61 74 65 20 72 61 6e | 67 65 20 2a 2f 50 00 20 |nate ran|ge */P. |
|000059a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000059b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000059c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000059d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000059e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 4c 33 44 38 1c |        |   L3D8.|
|000059f0| 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 | 6c 65 61 73 65 20 75 73 |.      P|lease us|
|00005a00| 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 07 00 64 |e one of| the ..d|
|00005a10| 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |efined..| functio|
|00005a20| 6e 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 11 | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |n keys..|.       |
|00005a30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 1f 00 41 44 56 41 |        |  ..ADVA|
|00005a40| 4e 43 45 44 20 52 45 47 | 49 53 54 45 52 45 44 20 |NCED REG|ISTERED |
|00005a50| 50 4c 44 20 44 45 53 49 | 47 4e 53 47 00 20 50 4c |PLD DESI|GNSG. PL|
|00005a60| 44 73 20 20 61 72 65 20 | 20 65 78 74 72 65 6d 65 |Ds  are | extreme|
|00005a70| 6c 79 20 70 6f 77 65 72 | 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 69 |ly power|ful in i|
|00005a80| 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 69 6e 67 20 72 65 67 69 |mplement|ing regi|
|00005a90| 73 74 65 72 65 64 20 6c | 6f 67 69 63 20 61 73 20 |stered l|ogic as |
|00005aa0| 74 68 65 79 47 00 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 20 |theyG. p|rovide  |
|00005ab0| 62 6f 74 68 20 20 74 68 | 65 20 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 |both  th|e  logic|
|00005ac0| 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 | array a|nd the r|
|00005ad0| 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |egisters| in the |
|00005ae0| 73 61 6d 65 20 70 61 63 | 6b 61 67 65 2e 47 00 20 |same pac|kage.G. |
|00005af0| 53 74 61 74 65 20 20 20 | 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 20 |State   |machine |
|00005b00| 20 20 74 79 70 65 20 20 | 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 73 |  type  | designs|
|00005b10| 20 20 20 61 72 65 20 20 | 65 76 65 6e 20 20 62 65 |   are  |even  be|
|00005b20| 74 74 65 72 20 73 75 69 | 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 50 |tter sui|ted to P|
|00005b30| 4c 44 73 20 61 73 39 00 | 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 72 65 |LDs as9.| most re|
|00005b40| 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 6f | 75 74 70 75 74 73 20 61 |gister o|utputs a|
|00005b50| 72 65 20 66 65 64 20 62 | 61 63 6b 20 69 6e 74 6f |re fed b|ack into|
|00005b60| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 | 69 63 20 61 72 72 61 79 | the log|ic array|
|00005b70| 2e 47 00 20 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 69 73 20 20 61 20 |.G. Ther|e is  a |
|00005b80| 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 22 50 |device i|n the "P|
|00005b90| 4c 44 2d 42 61 73 65 64 | 20 52 41 4d 20 43 6f 6e |LD-Based| RAM Con|
|00005ba0| 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 20 | 53 75 62 73 79 73 74 65 |troller |Subsyste|
|00005bb0| 6d 22 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 47 00 20 69 6e 20 |m" examp|leG. in |
|00005bc0| 20 74 68 65 20 20 70 72 | 65 76 69 6f 75 73 20 20 | the  pr|evious  |
|00005bd0| 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 64 65 |section |which de|
|00005be0| 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 | 65 73 20 68 6f 77 20 65 |monstrat|es how e|
|00005bf0| 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 | 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 |ffective| registe|
|00005c00| 72 65 64 47 00 20 50 4c | 44 73 20 20 20 63 61 6e |redG. PL|Ds   can|
|00005c10| 20 20 20 62 65 2e 20 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 20 64 65 |   be.  | The  de|
|00005c20| 76 69 63 65 27 73 20 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 20 20 69 73 |vice's  |name  is|
|00005c30| 20 20 52 46 53 48 43 4e | 54 20 20 61 6e 64 20 20 |  RFSHCN|T  and  |
|00005c40| 69 74 20 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 72 6f 6c 73 47 00 20 61 |it  cont|rolsG. a|
|00005c50| 6c 6c 20 20 73 65 71 75 | 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 20 |ll  sequ|ential  |
|00005c60| 61 73 70 65 63 74 73 20 | 20 6f 66 20 20 74 68 65 |aspects | of  the|
|00005c70| 20 20 72 65 66 72 65 73 | 68 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |  refres|h contro|
|00005c80| 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 79 6e 61 6d 69 |l for th|e dynami|
|00005c90| 63 20 52 41 4d 24 00 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 74 79 70 |c RAM$. |in a typ|
|00005ca0| 69 63 61 6c 20 6d 69 63 | 72 6f 70 72 6f 63 65 73 |ical mic|roproces|
|00005cb0| 73 6f 72 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 2e 47 00 20 52 46 |sor syst|em.G. RF|
|00005cc0| 53 48 43 4e 54 20 72 65 | 73 70 6f 6e 64 73 20 74 |SHCNT re|sponds t|
|00005cd0| 6f 20 61 20 72 65 66 72 | 65 73 68 20 72 65 71 75 |o a refr|esh requ|
|00005ce0| 65 73 74 20 73 69 67 6e | 61 6c 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |est sign|al from |
|00005cf0| 74 68 65 20 72 65 66 72 | 65 73 68 20 69 6e 74 65 |the refr|esh inte|
|00005d00| 72 76 61 6c 47 00 20 74 | 69 6d 65 72 20 20 28 75 |rvalG. t|imer  (u|
|00005d10| 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 20 | 31 34 20 75 53 29 20 62 |sually  |14 uS) b|
|00005d20| 79 20 64 72 69 76 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 43 50 |y drivin|g the CP|
|00005d30| 55 27 73 20 62 75 73 20 | 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 20 |U's bus |request |
|00005d40| 61 63 74 69 76 65 2e 20 | 41 66 74 65 72 47 00 20 |active. |AfterG. |
|00005d50| 77 61 69 74 69 6e 67 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |waiting |for the |
|00005d60| 62 75 73 20 61 63 6b 6e | 6f 77 6c 65 64 67 65 20 |bus ackn|owledge |
|00005d70| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 43 50 55 2c 20 69 74 |from the| CPU, it|
|00005d80| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 73 | will ge|nerate s|
|00005d90| 69 67 6e 61 6c 73 47 00 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 64 64 |ignalsG.| for add|
|00005da0| 72 65 73 73 20 6d 75 78 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |ress mux| control|
|00005db0| 20 61 6e 64 20 52 41 53 | 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 72 65 | and RAS|-only re|
|00005dc0| 66 72 65 73 68 20 74 69 | 6d 69 6e 67 20 61 73 20 |fresh ti|ming as |
|00005dd0| 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 47 |well as |provideG|
|00005de0| 00 20 61 20 20 73 69 67 | 6e 61 6c 20 20 74 6f 20 |. a  sig|nal  to |
|00005df0| 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 66 72 | reset  |the refr|
|00005e00| 65 73 68 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 76 61 6c 20 74 69 6d |esh inte|rval tim|
|00005e10| 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | 6c 6f 63 6b 20 74 68 65 |er and c|lock the|
|00005e20| 20 72 65 66 72 65 73 68 | 47 00 20 61 64 64 72 65 | refresh|G. addre|
|00005e30| 73 73 20 20 63 6f 75 6e | 74 65 72 2e 20 20 54 68 |ss  coun|ter.  Th|
|00005e40| 65 20 20 74 69 6d 69 6e | 67 20 20 64 69 61 67 72 |e  timin|g  diagr|
|00005e50| 61 6d 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 |am which| follows|
|00005e60| 20 73 68 6f 77 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 61 | shows t|he signa|
|00005e70| 6c 47 00 20 72 65 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 70 |lG. rela|tionship|
|00005e80| 73 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 65 | 20 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 |s.  Note|  that  |
|00005e90| 74 68 65 20 72 65 67 69 | 73 74 65 72 65 64 20 6f |the regi|stered o|
|00005ea0| 75 74 70 75 74 20 73 69 | 67 6e 61 6c 73 20 61 72 |utput si|gnals ar|
|00005eb0| 65 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 | 61 73 47 00 20 6c 6f 67 |e shown |asG. log|
|00005ec0| 69 63 61 6c 20 20 22 74 | 72 75 65 22 20 20 65 76 |ical  "t|rue"  ev|
|00005ed0| 65 6e 20 20 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 61 |en  thou|gh the a|
|00005ee0| 63 74 75 61 6c 20 6f 75 | 74 70 75 74 73 20 77 69 |ctual ou|tputs wi|
|00005ef0| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 22 6c | 6f 77 20 61 63 74 69 76 |ll be "l|ow activ|
|00005f00| 65 22 2e 47 00 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 20 61 73 73 75 |e".G. Th|is  assu|
|00005f10| 6d 65 73 20 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 |mes  tha|t the ta|
|00005f20| 72 67 65 74 20 64 65 76 | 69 63 65 20 77 69 6c 6c |rget dev|ice will|
|00005f30| 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 | 62 65 20 69 6e 76 65 72 | either |be inver|
|00005f40| 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 | 68 61 76 65 50 00 20 70 |ting or |haveP. p|
|00005f50| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 61 | 62 6c 65 20 6f 75 74 70 |rogramma|ble outp|
|00005f60| 75 74 20 70 6f 6c 61 72 | 69 74 79 20 63 61 70 61 |ut polar|ity capa|
|00005f70| 62 69 6c 69 74 79 2e 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |bility. |        |
|00005f80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00005f90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 4c 33 45 31 1c 00 |        |  L3E1..|
|00005fa0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 6c | 65 61 73 65 20 75 73 65 |      Pl|ease use|
|00005fb0| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 07 00 64 65 | one of |the ..de|
|00005fc0| 66 69 6e 65 64 0f 00 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e |fined.. |function|
|00005fd0| 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 49 00 | 28 73 74 61 74 65 29 20 | keys.I.|(state) |
|00005fe0| 54 49 4d 45 20 53 4c 4f | 54 20 b3 20 30 30 20 20 |TIME SLO|T . 00  |
|00005ff0| b3 20 32 30 20 20 b3 20 | 33 30 20 20 b3 20 33 38 |. 20  . |30  . 38|
|00006000| 20 20 b3 20 33 43 20 20 | b3 20 33 45 20 20 b3 20 |  . 3C  |. 3E  . |
|00006010| 33 36 20 20 b3 20 30 33 | 20 20 b3 20 30 30 20 20 |36  . 03|  . 00  |
|00006020| b3 49 00 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.I.     |        |
|00006030| 20 20 20 20 20 da c4 c4 | bf 20 20 da c4 c4 bf 20 |     ...|.  .... |
|00006040| 20 da c4 c4 bf 20 20 da | c4 c4 bf 20 20 da c4 c4 | ....  .|...  ...|
|00006050| bf 20 20 da c4 c4 bf 20 | 20 da c4 c4 bf 20 20 da |.  .... | ....  .|
|00006060| c4 c4 bf 20 20 da c4 c4 | bf 20 20 da 49 00 20 20 |...  ...|.  .I.  |
|00006070| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 43 4c 4b 20 20 c4 |        |  CLK  .|
|00006080| d9 20 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 20 | 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 20 20 c0 |.  .... | ....  .|
|00006090| c4 c4 d9 20 20 c0 c4 c4 | d9 20 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 20 |...  ...|.  .... |
|000060a0| 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 20 20 c0 | c4 c4 d9 20 20 c0 c4 c4 | ....  .|...  ...|
|000060b0| d9 20 20 c0 c4 c4 d9 49 | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.  ....I|.       |
|000060c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 da |        |       .|
|000060d0| c4 c4 c4 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |... ....|........|
|000060e0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000060f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00006100| c4 c4 43 00 20 28 69 6e | 29 20 20 20 52 45 46 5f |..C. (in|)   REF_|
|00006110| 52 45 51 20 20 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 d9 20 b3 20 20 20 |REQ  ...|... .   |
|00006120| 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 | b3 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 |  .     |.     . |
|00006130| 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 | 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 |    .   |  .     |
|00006140| b3 20 20 20 20 20 b3 43 | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.     .C|.       |
|00006150| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00006160| 20 da c4 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | .. ....|........|
|00006170| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00006180| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 bf 20 20 | 20 20 20 b3 49 00 20 28 |......  |   .I. (|
|00006190| 6f 75 74 29 20 20 42 55 | 53 5f 52 45 51 20 20 c4 |out)  BU|S_REQ  .|
|000061a0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 | 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 |....... |    .   |
|000061b0| 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 | b3 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 |  .     |.     . |
|000061c0| 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 | 20 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |    .   |  ......|
|000061d0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 4a | 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.......J|.       |
|000061e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |        |  ......|
|000061f0| c4 c4 c4 20 c4 bf 20 b3 | 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 |... .. .|     .  |
|00006200| 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 | 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 b3 |   .    | .     .|
|00006210| 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 | 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 da |     .  |   .   .|
|00006220| c4 c4 c4 47 00 20 28 69 | 6e 29 20 20 20 42 55 53 |...G. (i|n)   BUS|
|00006230| 5f 41 4b 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |_AK     |        |
|00006240| 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | .......|........|
|00006250| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|00006260| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 20 c4 d9 43 00 20 20 |........|. ..C.  |
|00006270| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00006280| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 da c4 c4 c4 |        |    ....|
|00006290| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |........|........|
|000062a0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 bf 20 20 20 20 20 |........|...     |
|000062b0| b3 49 00 20 28 6f 75 74 | 29 20 20 52 45 46 5f 41 |.I. (out|)  REF_A|
|000062c0| 44 52 5f 45 4e 20 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 20 c4 c4 |DR_EN ..|..... ..|
|000062d0| c4 d9 20 20 20 20 20 b3 | 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 |..     .|     .  |
|000062e0| 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 | 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 c0 |   .    | .     .|
|000062f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 43 00 20 20 |........|....C.  |
|00006300| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00006310| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00006320| 20 20 da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |  ......|........|
|00006330| c4 c4 c4 c4 bf 20 20 20 | 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 20 |.....   |  .     |
|00006340| b3 49 00 20 28 6f 75 74 | 29 20 20 52 45 46 5f 52 |.I. (out|)  REF_R|
|00006350| 41 53 20 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 20 c4 c4 |AS  ....|..... ..|
|00006360| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 | 20 20 20 20 20 b3 20 20 |........|     .  |
|00006370| 20 20 20 b3 20 20 20 20 | 20 c0 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |   .    | .......|
|00006380| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 43 00 20 20 |........|....C.  |
|00006390| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000063a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000063b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | da c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 |        |........|
|000063c0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 bf 20 20 20 20 20 |........|...     |
|000063d0| b3 4a 00 28 6f 75 74 2c | 6e 63 29 20 52 45 46 5f |.J.(out,|nc) REF_|
|000063e0| 52 41 53 5f 44 4c 59 31 | 20 c4 c4 c4 c4 20 c4 c4 |RAS_DLY1| .... ..|
|000063f0| c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 | c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 d9 20 20 |........|......  |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+